<p>The Bendeleben  Mountains are a mountain range on the heart of the Seward Peninsula in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. This range forms a major divide between drainage basins draining into the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. The tallest peak, Mount Bendeleben is 3,730 ft at the summit, and is located on the west end. Bits of the range go into the Bering Land Bridge National Preserve, but most of the peaks remain unclaimed. The Tubutulik River flows in the area.</p><br>
<p>Mount Bendeleben is the highest point on the Seward Peninsula east of the Kigluaik Mountains. According to the geologists who studied contiguous areas in 1900, the metamorphic schists of the Bendeleben Mountains were considered distinct from the other schists of the region and were therefore given a name and assigned to a more or less definite stratigraphic position. In 1908, the senior writer of this report made a cross section of the range along the western margin of the area, and in 1909 the party had the opportunity of studying the section north and west. of Death Valley, where rocks previously considered as belonging to the Kigluaik group are exposed. About the head of the Fish River, the mountains are chiefly granitic, but along their flanks and sometimes extending through them in belts of varying breadth which mark the passes are areas of schistose sediments. Similar to the Kigluaik Mountains, the Bendeleban Mountains are rugged, with sharply cut valleys, and many glacial cirques.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>On the southern side of the Bendeleben Mountains, scattered spruce trees are reported in the valley of the Niukluk River as far west as Libby River, which rises on the west side of Mount Bendeleben. Eastward, spruce grows along all the streams. On the northern side of the Bendeleben Mountains, spruce is found in the valley of the Koyuk River, west to the vicinity of Timber Creek on the south, and to the tributaries heading toward Kiwalik Mountain on the north. Spruce extends considerably farther west on the south side of the Bendeleben Mountains than it does on the north.</p><br>
<p>Woman Lake is a 5,516 acre lake in Cass County, Minnesota, United States.</p><br>
<p>The lake has 3 public accesses. The lake is part of a 4 lake chain called the Woman Lake Chain. Other lakes in the chain include Child Lake, Girl Lake and Little Woman Lake. The town of Longville, Minnesota can be accessed by boat from Woman Lake. The lake is very well known for its impressive Walleye, Northern, Perch, Smallmouth Bass and Muskie fishing.</p><br>
<p>The lake is stocked by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.</p><br>
<p>In the game NASCAR: Dirt To Dayton, one of the sponsors for the truck racing series is called Schneider Boats. The address on the letter you receive from them is Woman Lake MN. It is a fictional company, one of many Minnesota references in the game.</p><br>
<p>Woman Lake was named in commemoration of Ojibwe women who were killed there in a battle against the Sioux.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Woman lake has always been known for its Walleye fishing. The lake also has a very good population of Yellow perch, Northern pike, Largemouth bass and Smallmouth bass, Bluegill, Crappie, and Muskellunge. The lake has excellent water clarity, which makes fishing for the light sensitive walleye difficult during the daytime. The lake is infested with the non-native exotic Rusty crayfish.</p><br>
<p>The Ringlestone Inn is an historic public house and restaurant, located in the Ringlestone hamlet near the village of Wormshill in Kent, England. Dating back to the reign of Henry VIII  the current Grade II listed building was constructed in 1533 and retains its original brick and flint walls and oak beams. The interior is unchanged since around 1732 and includes tables crafted from the timbers of an 18th-century Thames barge. An inscription on an ancient oak sideboard still found at the property reads: A Ryghte Joyouse and welcome greetynge too ye all.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Ringlestone Inn has been researched by a number of previous owners and is broadly thought to be as follows:</p><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>Ringlestone or Rongostone (meaning "ring of stones") dates back to before the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. Confusingly for research into the locality&#39;s history, "Ringleton" also cited in the Domesday Book (and appearing in the Kent Hundred Rolls of 1274 as "Ringlestone"), was a manor near the Ringlemere barrow, Woodnesborough (also in Kent). In addition a suburb of the nearby town of Maidstone is also called "Ringlestone".</p><br>
<p>The present-day inn was originally a hospice, owned by the church for the sanctuary of monks, who are believed to have farmed the land surrounding the inn. In addition other medieval dwellings have been uncovered on the site. Around 1539, the monks are believed to have left (likely imprisoned or executed), following the dissolution of the monasteries ordered by Henry VIII.</p><br>
<p>The inn is then referenced in a will dated 1588, when a Julius Papworth Quiller directed that "my house at Rongoston and land thereto belonging be sold to pay my debts and legacies". Accordingly, the property was auctioned off to a Septimus Hepplewhite, a wheelwright and cooper from the Parish of Hollingbourne.</p><br>
<p>Hepplewhite operated a small cooperage from the site until his death in 1609, following which his wife and eldest son took over the house and cooperage business. Oliver Hepplewhite, under the direction of his mother, introduced the production and sale of ale to the property around 1615.</p><br>
<p>In common with the times, local breweries (three are listed in the parish of Harrietsham during this period) would fund small drinking establishments to promote their products, such establishments, requiring a licence under the Ale Houses Act 1551, were known as ale-houses.</p><br>
<p>During the next 150 years, the inn grew in popularity and travellers stopped there for refreshment on route to and from London to the settlements of Kent. Samuel Cooper, a celebrated 17th century miniaturist, is said to have visited the house in 1656. A "Gentleman of the Road" (or highwayman) Elias Shepherd, known to have held up coaches between Faversham and Canterbury, is believed to have frequented the inn (Shepherd was captured at Charing and hanged at Penenden Heath in 1765).</p><br>
<p>On Friday 1 March 1788, two smugglers, named John Roberts and Francis Whorlow who were both wanted for the murder of two dragoons and the smuggling of five-thousand gallons of genever (or Dutch) gin at Whitstable, were arrested at "Ringleton" and taken to Faversham gaol. In his defence at the Old Bailey, John Roberts provided the alibi that he was visiting his family at "Ringleton" at the time the murders took place. In the face of this evidence both men were acquitted. The owner of the Ringlestone Inn at the time is recorded as "Avery Roberts".</p><br>
<p>The name Rongoston has evolved since the time the Inn was built. This is believed to be due to mispronunciation over the course of time. In 1822 the house became known as the Renglestone and a sign hung announcing it. The Inn continued to be known as such until 1867 when it was changed, for the final time, to the present-day Ringlestone Inn.</p><br>
<h3>20th Century to present day</h3><br>
<p>At least from 1901 until his death in 1905, the innkeeper was Henry Brooks Bates. It is not known when he first became innkeeper but from the censuses available it was between 1891 and 1901. In 1913 Charles Alfred Rayfield took over the inn. Rayfield was the father of Charles Gunner Rayfield, the soldier who may have fired the first artillery shot against the Germans in the First World War.</p><br>
<p>In 1958 Florence (Ma) and Dora Gasking (who were mother and daughter) took over the inn. Building a notorious reputation they were frequently armed with a shotgun, inspecting their clientele and requiring unwanted guests to leave. They are also said to have thrown concrete blocks from the windows and required a speakeasy-style series of secret knocks to gain entry to the pub. Their behaviour is believed to stem from an occasion when the inn was inundated by around 300 bikers.</p><br>
<p>From the late 20th century to the present day, the inn has largely operated as a public house and restaurant and was purchased by Kent brewers, Shepherd Neame in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Interior images of the inn were used as locations in the filming of an episode of EastEnders broadcast in the United Kingdom over the Easter 2007 holiday season.</p><br>
<h2>Paranormal activity</h2><br>
<p>The inn&#39;s long-history has resulted in a number of reports of supposed paranormal or supernatural activity:</p><br>
<p>Patrons and owners have described seeing an elderly couple regularly drinking near the house&#39;s inglenook fireplace.</p><br>
<p>A further apparition is said to walk up the cellar steps, halting at the top and removing one boot which is then thrown to the floor, however the figure never takes off the other boot.</p><br>
<p>Maintenance or renovations of the property by various owners and live-in staff have also allegedly resulted in paranormal activity.</p><br>
<p>Children have been said to appear in the inn, behaving mischievously. One owner noted a small boy who appeared to vanish through a wall which, it was later found out, was originally a doorway. The owner&#39;s family subsequently learned that a young boy, who had lived upstairs, had previously died at the inn.</p><br>
<p>A story promoted by previous owners concerns a small boy - possibly the son of the landlord at the time - who was allegedly caught poaching on the surrounding farm land. At that time the penalty was harsh - being imprisonment or possibly death. In order to protect their son, the innkeepers decided to conceal the child for a time from the local farmers and constabulary. The child was said to have been put in a small cavity in an old fireplace in the cellar with a brick wall built in front to shield him and a small hole left through which to feed him. Eventually the food stopped being taken, so the father inserted the last brick. The wall has supposedly not been disturbed since the couple, now childless, left the Ringlestone.</p><br>
<p>The Hunter Mountain Fire Tower is located on the summit of the eponymous mountain, second highest of the Catskill Mountains in the USA state of New York. It was the first of 23 fire lookout towers built by the state in the region, and the next-to-last of the five still standing to be abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Today it remains a popular attraction for hikers climbing the mountain. After it fell into disrepair in the 1990s and was recommended for removal by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), which had operated the tower, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Local enthusiasts were able to raise money, matched by DEC, to restore the tower and adjacent observer&#39;s cabin to serve as a museum, with volunteers in the cab on some weekends.</p><br>
<p>Panoramic views of not only the mountains but the adjacent Hudson Valley, Massachusetts, Connecticut and sometimes southwestern Vermont are available from it. Likewise, it can be seen from many of the surrounding mountains, the village of Hunter and the upper slopes of the ski area. It is the highest fire tower still standing in the state and the second-highest in the entire Northeast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Catskill fire protection before towers</h3><br>
<p>When the Catskill Park was created in 1885, one of the states earliest missions was the control and suppression of forest fires which had long ravaged the land and damaged local crops and property. Wardens were hired to patrol railroad lines, where stray ashes from steam engines often ignited surrounding brush, and investigate reports of fires started by logging or quarrying operations on state land (illegal under the legislation that created New Yorks Forest Preserve, now Article 14 of the state constitution).</p><br>
<p>But the Forest, Fish and Game Commission, DECs predecessor, was hopelessly understaffed and could not even begin to focus on fire prevention. Severe fires during droughts in 1903 and 1908 caused thousands of dollars in damages and led to public calls for better fire control efforts. In December of the latter year, James Whipple, head of the states Forest, Fish and Game Commission (FFGC, a predecessor agency of DEC), began looking into what could be done. His counterpart in Maine, E.E. Ring, wrote back to one of his inquiries highly recommending the use of strategically placed observation towers similar to the nine his state had already installed. "In my opinion, one man located at a station will do far more effectual work in discovering and locating fires than a hundred men already patrolling," he said.</p><br>
<h3>Tower construction and relocation</h3><br>
<p>The FFGC realized that informal observation towers already in existence on some summits were excellent places to station trained observers, who could see vast portions of the range and report the location of new fires quickly via dedicated telephone lines. The area around Hunter had historically been very fire-prone, due to heavy logging (less than 1 square miles of virgin forest remains on the mountain) and lightning strikes. The following year, forest rangers built the first Hunter Mountain fire tower, a 40 ft structure made from three trees, on level ground near the summit. It was one of the first fire lookout towers in the Catskills. Observers stood on an open platform and at first had to live in a nearby tent, until a cabin was built.</p><br>
<p>Eight years later it was replaced with a more permanent steel 60 ft tower, the current structure, by what was then the Conservation Commission. It was hauled in sections up the dirt road from Spruceton (now the Spruceton Trail) with a team of horses. At the top was an enclosed cab complete with a map, field glasses and the telephone.</p><br>
<p>In 1953, it and the cabin were moved 1,000 ft northwest along the ridge to the mountains true summit, where it remains today (footings of the original tower are still visible at the trail junction where it stood). and second-highest in the entire Northeast after 4,088 ft Avery Peak on Maines Mount Bigelow.</p><br>
<h3>Abandonment and revival</h3><br>
<p>Observations continued, but fire danger declined over the years along with the industries that had caused many early fires. Airplane flights supplemented the work of the observers, and the public showed greater vigilance in reporting new blazes. DEC finally closed the tower in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It remained open and accessible to the hiking public, however. In the 1990s, a DEC foresters recommendation in a draft planning document that another of the remaining firetowers be dismantled and removed as a nonconforming structure triggered (as he had hoped) a movement to save them. DECs guidelines governing the use of the Forest Preserve do allow the retention of otherwise incompatible structures within it if they enhance the public&#39;s understanding of the Forest Preserve, and many visitors and past observers wrote about how seeing the vastness of the Catskill wildlands at once helped them appreciate the importance of protecting it.</p><br>
<p>In 1996, Hunter and the other four towers were added to the Historic Lookout Register, and then to the National Register the following year. Local committees raised money for their repair, and on October 7, 2000 DEC formally reopened the Hunter tower to the public as observation towers with interpretive materials, including an alidade in the tower cab.</p><br>
<p>Two decades later, DEC initiated a $48,000 renovation program. The roof, which had been damaged by wind during the winter of 2016–17, was replaced along with the grates around the tower landings, the tower repainted, and the windows in the cab repaired. A celebration was held in August 2017 to mark the tower&#39;s 100th anniversary.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The tower is located near the center of the small clearing left by early 20th-century logging operations. It is surrounded on all sides by tall balsam fir and red spruce, the dominant tree species in the boreal forest found at high elevations in the Catskills. The observer&#39;s cabin, with a small protected porch, is just to the southeast. Its windows are covered in steel mesh to protect it from porcupines, abundant in the Catskill forests, which chew on the wood.</p><br>
<p>There have been other structures at the site. One observer&#39;s son recalls that the state built his father a garage to protect his truck from the porcupines. Catskill forest historian Michael Kudish reports that a small shed near the cabin was removed in the early to mid-1990s.</p><br>
<p>As part of the renovations, DEC installed a pit privy in the nearby woods. Later that decade it improved the Spruceton Trail to better allow the equestrian use it already permitted. It added a hitching rack, drinking barrel and mounting chute at the summit near the tower, corresponding with similar facilities elsewhere along the trail and at the trailhead.</p><br>
<h3>Access</h3><br>
<p>The old truck road, now the blue-blazed Spruceton Trail, is the most common route to the tower. Horses and riders may use it, and it can be traveled in the winter with snowshoes or cross-country skis. Most visitors come from the west, 2.7 mi away, where it leaves Spruceton Road and climbs vertically more than 2,000 ft to the summit. Along the way it picks up traffic from the ski area, which operates its summit chairlift in the summer months, via the Colonel&#39;s Chair Trail.</p><br>
<p>A short yellow-blazed spur from the steep Becker Hollow Trail comes in from the north as well, but it is infrequently used. From the east, at Stony Clove Notch, the Devil&#39;s Path climbs to the junction with another short trail, the Hunter Mountain Trail, which in turn climbs to the junction with the Spruceton and Becker Hollow trails at the pre-1953 tower site.</p><br>
<p>The area has long been part of the Hunter Mountain Wild Forest, a New York-specific class of protected area that allows for slightly higher-impact recreational uses than wilderness. Recent proposed changes to the Catskill State Land Master Plan would keep the Spruceton Trail within a small wild forest corridor while merging much of the remaining land with the nearby West Kill Wilderness Area, in order to allow for other possible uses of the trail, such as mountain biking.</p><br>
<h3>View</h3><br>
<p>Hunter, like many other Catskill peaks, has a wide flat summit covered with forest. Since the entire Catskill range is below tree-line, 360-degree views are extremely rare. The only ones available are from the fire towers.</p><br>
<p>Due to Hunters dominance of the northern Catskills, many of the peaks in that region can be seen. The distinctive comb of the Blackhead Range, the third through fifth highest Catskill peaks, can be seen to the north, and to the northeast Kaaterskill High Peak adds another of the Catskills most recognizable shapes. Less recognizable from this angle are the Devil&#39;s Path peaks to the east.</p><br>
<p>South of Hunter can be seen officially-unnamed Southwest Hunter, known as a difficult bushwhack due to the difficulty of finding the summit register. The central Catskill peaks around Slide Mountain, the highest Catskill peak, can be seen on reasonably clear days, and closer to Hunter fellow Catskill High Peaks West Kill and Rusk stand out to the southwest and west. The ski area&#39;s summit station, chairlift and trails are also visible.</p><br>
<p>The Morong River , also referred to as the Morong-Teresa River, is a river system in Rizal, Philippines. It is one of 21 major tributaries of Laguna de Bay. It covers 14 barangays and stretches 10 kilometers from Antipolo City down to Teresa, Rizal, Morong, Rizal and finally to Laguna de Bay.</p><br>
<p>The Morong River sub-basin has a drainage area of 70.21 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>On 1991, a study noted that eutrophication in Laguna de Bay could be attributed to nutrients brought to the lake as a result of the tremendous deterioration of the Morong River and the San Pedro River. In the case of the Morong River, this increase was said to be a result of draining effluents from hog farms.</p><br>
<p>A 1994 cleanup drive initiated by the Laguna Lake Development Authority in cooperation with the local communities and local government units of Antipolo, Morong, and Teresa removed some seven truckloads of garbage and cleared a three-kilometer portion of the river from water lilies blocking the waterway.</p><br>
<p>Mount Winchell, a thirteener, is among the thirty highest peaks of California. It is in the Palisades region of the Sierra Nevada, on the Sierra Crest between Mount Agassiz and Thunderbolt Peak.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Inyo-Kern County line follows Winchells northwest-southeast ridges. Hydrologically, this same boundary divides the Big Pine Creek drainage from Dusy Basin, part of the Kings Rivers headwaters. Its west slopes fall within Kings Canyon National Park, while its east slopes are in the John Muir Wilderness of the Inyo National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Two mountain peaks in the vicinity were christened Mount Winchell during the 1870s, but neither of them were present day Mount Winchell. The United States Geological Survey applied the name to the present peak. The name&#39;s original application was made by Elisha Winchell for his cousin, Alexander Witchell, who was a founding member of the Geological Society of America.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded climb of Mount Winchell was by Harvey C. Mansfield, Sr., John M. Newell, and Windsor B. Putnam, in June 1923. Their route, a scramble up the east arête, is the least technical route. The first known winter climb by Norman Clyde, Morgan Harris, and David Brower used this same route in January 1938.</p><br>
<p>Mount Gingera is a mountain with an elevation of 1,857 m located within the Brindabella Ranges on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales in Australia. The summit of the mountain is located within the ACT, and is the second highest peak in the territory.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is the most prominent snow-covered peak to be seen from Canberra in winter. It is located on the border between New South Wales and the ACT, the NSW portion in Kosciuszko National Park and the ACT portion in Namadgi National Park. The sub-alpine sphagnum bogs on the flanks of Mount Gingera and nearby Mount Ginini to the north are known habitats of the endangered Northern Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi).</p><br>
<h2>Route</h2><br>
<p>Mount Gingera may be reached by walking from Corin Dam up and along Stockyard Spur to its junction with the Mount Franklin Road. Continue south along the road, passing Pryors Hut before either following a track or simply climbing the moderate eastern slope. Alternatively you can approach the mountain by driving via the Mount Franklin Road and parking a vehicle at Mount Ginini before continuing on foot. In winter this road will generally be closed at Mount Franklin due to snow and it offers the northernmost cross country skiing terrain in the Australian Alps.</p><br>
<p>The Ballard Carnegie Library, is a historic library in the Ballard neighborhood in Seattle, Washington. The library was predated by a freeholders library in the 1860s, which eventually gave way to a reading room that was organized and funded by a womens&#39; group in 1901. With a grant for $15,000, among other funds, a new library for the then independent City of Ballard was created as a Carnegie library. The building, located at 2026 N.W. Market Street in downtown Ballard, opened to the public on June 24, 1904. Notable as the first major branch of the Seattle public library system, after Seattle annexed the City of Ballard into itself in 1907, and for employing one of the first African American librarians in Seattle, the Ballard Carnegie Library was in service until 1963, when a newer and more modern facility replaced it. After its sale, the old library building housed a variety of private commercial enterprises, including an antique shop, a restaurant and a kilt manufacturer.</p><br>
<p>After being nominated in 1976 for the recognition by Seattle architect Larry E. Johnson, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979 (ID #79002535).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1860s, when Ballard was a new settlement along the edge of Salmon Bay, a homesteader named Ira Wilcox Utter helped create a freeholders library. Having decided to build a proper library, the Ballard City Council established a library board in 1903 and the city applied to the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie for a library grant to help underwrite the costs of construction of a new library. When construction was completed, the building included features such as a 500-seat auditorium and a mens smoking room, which was later converted into a reading room. Part of the construction work was executed by a chain gang.</p><br>
<p>Initially, the library had a cache of books waiting for the completion and grand opening that was provided by local residents and schools, as Carnegie&#39;s gift for the construction did not cover the initial costs of new books. With the arrival of World War I, the Carnegie Library became home to various community activities, such as dispensing information on the war, and also provided Red Cross and English language classes. In 1942, during World War II, one of the first African American librarians in Seattle, Lucille Smith, was assigned to the Carnegie library.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, Seattle voters approved a municipal bond to replace what was by then considered the "inadequate and impractical" library. The Ballard Carnegie Library eventually was shut in 1963, when a new, larger public library was built in the area, and the Carnegie building became an antique store. One of the cited reasons for the closure and sale of the library building were expert claims that the building would never survive an earthquake (of which Seattle had numerous instances, both before and after 1963). The building has, in fact, survived several quakes since 1963.</p><br>
<h2>The building today</h2><br>
<p>The building is now owned by Karoline Morrison and her husband, Dennis Beals; The former library was home to Carnegie&#39;s, a French restaurant from 2003 until 2010.</p><br>
<p>As of April 2010, the building is home to Ström and Ström Consulting, providing legal and marketing services to mental health professionals. As of March 2011, the building is also home to Root. Integrative Health, a holistic wellness center offering massage therapy, chiropractic, nutrition, mental health counseling, acupuncture, naturopathic medicine, and creative writing services. The area around Market Street in Ballard, where the library building is located, is one of the areas of Seattle that is quickly rising in land value, and has been compared to Belltown, a growing Seattle neighborhood that is affected by gentrification. As the Carnegie Library building is without the City of Seattle&#39;s "City landmark status" despite its NRHP status, the structure is at risk from new development.</p><br>
<p>As of 2012, the building is occupied by the Kangaroo and Kiwi Pub</p><br>
<p>The Thumb is a mountain located 7 km south of Sitchiada Mountain on the east side of Bear Lake, on the divide between the upper Omineca River and the basin of the Bear River in the Omineca Country of the Central-North Interior of British Columbia, Canada. As the Omineca is part of the Arctic Ocean drainage, via the Peace and Mackenzie Rivers, and the Bear is in the basin of the Skeena River, which drains to the Pacific, The Thumb is located on the Continental Divide.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Thumb is the largest in a cluster of roughly seven volcanic plugs. They are surrounded by the remains of eroded cinder cones, lava flows and dikes. Even though the plugs have not been dated, the existence of loose scoria and related intravalley lava flows to the current topography indicates they formed in the last 2.5 million years of the Quaternary period.</p><br>
<p>The vertical structure of The Thumb develops a prominent monument rising approximately 189 m above smoothly rising landscape along the ridge of the Connelly Range. The Thumb is largely made of columnar basalt bounded by pockets of breccia comprising clasts of the basal sandstone that formed during the Paleocene period.</p><br>
<p>The Thumb consists of alkali olivine basalt along with other Quaternary volcanic plugs in the Omineca Mountains. The basalt comprises phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and labradorite. Volcanic plugs in the Omineca Mountains, such as The Thumb, are located at the outermost boundary of all major volcanic belts in British Columbia, and their origins are not well-defined.</p><br>
<p>Oberstockensee is a small lake in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. Its surface area is 11.8 hectare. The lake is located above the village of Erlenbach im Simmental, below Mt. Stockhorn.</p><br>
<p>During the 19th and 20th centuries, the "Oberstockensee" was often called the "Vorderstockensee" and/or "Spetbaerglisee." Local residents still refer to it as the "Spetbaerglisee." Vorderstocken and Spetbaergli are the two alpine meadows that are on opposite sides of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Five people drowned in the "Oberstockensee" in a tragic accident on Sunday, 1 August 1869 (the Swiss national "Independence Day" holiday) on Mt. Stockhorn:</p><br>
<p>• Johann Gottfried Batzli (1830-1869), the president of the Erlenbach im Simmental Community Council, who only shortly before had been the miller and baker at the lower mill on the "Wildenbach" creek in the village and was long remembered because of his winning personality and his friendly, gentle voice</p><br>
<p>• Johannes Batzli (1862-1869), the seven-year-old orphaned son of a first cousin of the community council president</p><br>
<p>• Rudolf Jutzeler (1853-1869), a sixteen-year-old godson of Susanna Katharina Buehler Zurbruegg (1800-1859), the mother-in-law of Johann Gottfried Batzli</p><br>
<p>• David Sulzener Jr. (1851-1869), an eighteen-year-old hired hand working for the Batzli brothers on the "Hinterstocken" alpine pasture</p><br>
<p>• Samuel Tschabold (1853-1869), the sixteen-year-old son of Jakob Tschabold Jr. (b. 1806), who had been working with his father on the "Spetbaergli" alpine pasture.</p><br>
<p>Although hardly any specific details are known that caused the deathly course of events, oral history reports agree that the little boat set out on the east side of the lake below the "Oberstocken" alpine pasture heading for the herdsmen′s little hut on the "Spetbaergli" pastures on the west side of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Susanna Katharina Zurbruegg Batzli (1829-1901), who had been with her husband on the "Hinterstocken" alpine pasture chose not to accompany the men in their little boat. Picking wild flowers as she walked along the rocky narrow pathway (locally known as "the evil footpath"), she even heard her husband call to her that it was a pity that she had not joined them on the lovely boat-ride.</p><br>
<p>Not long thereafter, the community council president′s wife saw the overturned boat and young Johannes′ straw hat on the little lake only a short distance from their destination. Those sparse facts support the presumption that the boy′s hat had fallen into the water. When he leaned over the edge of the boat to try and fetch his hat, some of the men tried to deter him. The boat lost its equilibrium and quickly overturned. That assumption seemed valid, particularly when amended with the fact that five persons simply overloaded such a small rowing boat.</p><br>
<p>Upon learning of the tragedy, Erlenbach Pastor Ludwig Wilhelm Bernhard Huerner (1827-1903) and village schoolmaster Saegesser immediately hiked up the mountain to the site of the accident. On Monday gunsmith Johann Jakob Rieder II (1823-1875) joined with them to dredge the lake in search of the bodies. While Huerner and Saegesser rowed the boat, Rieder handled the long rope to which a three-pronged hook resembling a small anchor was attached. It was a taxing ordeal for the three of them as they went back and forth over the area which Jakob Tschabold pointed out as being the actual scene of the accident. After a lengthy search, they found one corpse and then another, until the last body was finally recovered on Thursday.</p><br>
<p>On Saturday, 7 August 1869, the Reverend Huerner presided over the moving funeral service in Erlenbach i.S. for the five persons. The pastor personally chiseled the five names on the commemorative gravestone near the entrance of the Erlenbach churchyard.</p><br>
<p>The name of Adele Batzli (1898-1999) – a grandniece of Erlenbach Community Council president Johann Gottfried Batzli – appears at the bottom of the gravestone below the names of the five persons who drowned. She donated money to keep up the grave in the churchyard and was therefore allowed to also be buried there and have her name added to the marker.</p><br>
<p>The surnames Batzli and Jutzeler were spelled on the commemorative gravestone without the letter "t" in their names, a variation typical of the local Bernese dialect in the Simmental valley. However, two distinct errors remain inexplicable:</p><br>
<p>• The seven-year-old boy who drowned was named Johannes Batzli and not Johann Friedrich ("Joh. Frd. ") as chiseled on the gravestone. Johann Friedrich Batzli Sr., referenced above as "a first cousin of the community council president," was the father of the boy. Little Johannes′ elder brother was Johann Friedrich Batzli Jr. (b. 1860). In the Daerstetten Citizens′ Registers he is recorded as having renounced his Swiss citizenship upon becoming naturalized in "Jefferson" in the USA in 1892.</p><br>
<p>• According to the Daerstetten Christening Register (1843–75), Rudolf Jutzeler′s correct date of birth is 29 March 1853.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Peoples State Bank building is located in the Stephenson County village of Orangeville, Illinois, United States. The structure was erected in 1926 when two Orangeville banks merged to form the Peoples State Bank. It operated until 1932 when it became overwhelmed by an economic disaster caused by the Great Depression and the bypassing of downtown Orangeville by an important route. The building is cast in the Commercial style and features Classical Revival detailing, common for banks of the time period. The building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Peoples State Bank is located in the 800 person village of Orangeville, about two miles (3 km) from the Illinois&ndash;Wisconsin border in Stephenson County, Illinois. The building is located in the primary business district, along High and Main Streets, in downtown Orangeville. High Street slopes uphill from the Richland Creek and is populated by historic, 19th century buildings. At the summit of High Streets slope is the Central House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In total, four of the five structures on the National Register in Orangeville, are found along High Street; the Union House and the Orangeville Masonic Hall are the other two. Other historic buildings in the approximately three block area include the 1888 Musser Building, and the 1906 Wagner Building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Peoples State Bank building was constructed in 1926 when the two of the three state banks in Orangeville merged. The area had enjoyed success as a commercial hub in the years preceding the banks construction. In 1928, just before the onset of the Great Depression, Illinois State Highway 74 (later Illinois Route 26) was rerouted through the eastern part of Orangeville, bypassing the downtown business district. Though the district no longer had a major thoroughfare passing through it many of the business were able to survive, at least initially. By 1928 the decline in the business community of Orangeville was evident; the bypass, coupled with the depression continued to negatively affect the village. In 1932 the People&#39;s State Bank, the last open bank in Orangeville, closed its doors.</p><br>
<p>The American Legion Post #720 bought the bank building after its closure and it served as the American Legion Meeting Hall until 1956. A group of local residents purchased the building in 1956 with the intention of restarting a bank in Orangeville. Until 1980, the People&#39;s State Bank building once again operated as a financial institution under the name Orangeville Community Bank. A radio repair and sales business bought the structure in 1980 and held it until the business closed, leaving the premises vacant, in August 2002. An organization called A Community Together bought the bank from the radio business and in turn sold it to John and Caryl Buford in October 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The People&#39;s State Bank was cast in the commercial style of architecture and has detailing heavily influenced by Classical Revival, a popular style for bank buildings at the time. The building, a one-story structure, stands on a concrete foundation with 12 inch (30 cm) thick walls, and a full basement. The Classical detailing is emphasized through the use of brick, glass, and concrete throughout the building. The simple design exhibits several Classical Revival influences, among them: its masonry construction, giving it a sturdy appearance, its symmetry, the brick divides on the wall which resemble pilasters, and the semi circular fanlights on the above the east and west facade windows. The size of the interior lobby further emphasized the feeling of solidity, which banks wished to convey to their customers.</p><br>
<p>The 30 foot (9 m) by 64 foot (20 m) rectangular building is composed of brick and features terrazzo flooring. The building is the most ornate of the commercial buildings in downtown Orangeville and is situated on the area&#39;s second highest lot. The main entrance, a large wooden, glass paneled door, is recessed and central on the symmetrical south (front) facade of the building. The original door is surrounded by sidelights and topped by a diamond patterned transom window. Flanking the central doorway on each side is a one over one window, each displaying the same diamond patterned transoms as the door.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Peoples State Bank was the last major commercial building constructed in historic downtown Orangeville, Illinois. Prior to World War II Classical architecture was popular in commercial and civic buildings and the Peoples State Bank provides an example of a one-story, stand alone commercial style block building adorned with Classical details. For its architectural significance the People&#39;s State Bank building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on August 20, 2004.</p><br>
<p>Central House is an 1860s hotel building located in the 800-person village of Orangeville, in Stephenson County, Illinois, United States. The building was built by Orangeville founder John Bower and operated as a hotel from its construction until the 1930s, when it was converted for use as a single family residence. The three-story building was the first commercial brick structure in downtown Orangeville. Architecturally, the building is cast in a mid-19th-century Italianate style. Central House was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Central House stands at a T-intersection in the central business district of the 800 person village of Orangeville, Illinois, United States. Orangeville, in Stephenson County, is about two miles (3.2 km) from the Illinois&ndash;Wisconsin border. High Street slopes uphill from the Richland Creek and is populated by historic, 19th-century buildings. In total, four of the five structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Orangeville, are found along High Street; the Union House, People&#39;s State Bank and the Orangeville Masonic Hall are the other two. Other historic buildings in the approximately three block area include the 1888 Musser Building, and the 1906 Wagner Building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Central House was constructed in 1888, by John Hoyman, the son in law of town founder John Bower. John Bower had initially built a hotel at the same site in 1967, but it burned to the ground in 1887. It was the first brick commercial building, and the second brick building to be built in Orangeville. From the time it was constructed, until the 1930s, Central House operated as a hotel. During the 1930s the building was converted for use as a single-family residence, a function it retains at present. Though Central House has undergone multiple periods of renovations and alterations it still maintains its historic integrity.</p><br>
<p>When the new hotel was built in 1888, the hotel affixed a large wooden sign adorned with "Central House" to the front facade, the original was removed during the 1920s. Before the turn of the 20th century the buildings partial basement was added on. The home underwent several changes in 1911. They included: the addition of indoor plumbing, the construction of a 10 by utility room at the structures rear, the construction of a separate kitchen building, and the removal of an attached shed on the west facade. Central House did not have electricity until 1920. The kitchen was moved to the main building during the 1940s, and between 1950 and 1952 the second floor balcony was removed. The heating system evolved from potbelly stoves to a radiator hot water system in the 1920s, and during the 1960s gas heaters replaced that system.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 28 by building stands three stories, and features a partial basement and twenty rooms. Ten of the rooms were specifically designed as bedrooms. The brick building sits on a stone foundation and is cast in a mid-19th-century Italianate style. The hotel building itself features arched segmented one over one windows on all facades and floors. The wooden-framed windows are either all original or could be restored to original appearance. The windows have shallow hood moldings made of soft brick and are all double hung. The original porch and balcony, removed for reasons unknown during the 1950s, measured 18 feet (5.5 m) across and 10 feet (3 m) deep. The property of the Central House has one outbuilding, a five-bay garage that dates to around the 1910s. The garage has had one roof replacement but maintains its historic integrity.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Central House is commercially significant for its role as meeting place for citizens of Orangeville and travelers alike. It provided lodging and dining facilities for more than 60 years, and its construction was with the intention of being the central commercial building in Orangeville. The building remains one of the oldest surviving buildings in Orangeville and is the village&#39;s only hotel in its history. It is also the only three-story building within the Orangeville central business district. For its local significance in the area of architecture the building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Union House, also known as the John Bower House, is a small, mostly Gothic Revival house in downtown Orangeville, Illinois, United States. The house, the first brick home in Orangeville, was built in 1849 by village founder John Bower. It was purchased by Samuel Hutchins in 1885 and it remained in the Hutchins family until 1951. The house blends elements of Greek and Gothic Revival architecture and is the only example of Gothic Revival found in the village of Orangeville. The house was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Union House was the first brick house in Orangeville and erected by village founder John Bower. Bower came to Stephenson County in 1844 and, on October 16, 1846, bought the land that would be platted as Orangeville from John H. Curtis for US$950. Bowers built the Union House in 1849 on a portion of what eventually became Orangeville in 1851. By 1885 Dr. Samuel Hutchins, and his wife Amanda, owned the Union House and used it as a home and a medical office for Hutchins early in his career. William Hutchins inherited the home and lived in it until he died in 1926. His sister Katherine Hutchins took ownership of the building following Williams death. When Katherine died in 1944 her mother Linda inherited the house and it was deeded to Robert and Florence Shafer in 1951. The Shafers in turn sold it to Val and Opel Schreiner. The Schreiners owned the house when it was nominated to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Union House utilizes a combination of Greek Revival and Gothic Revival styles. The Greek Revival influence is found in the doorway, which matches almost exactly the description put forth by Virginia and Lee McAlester in their 1984 book, A Field Guide to American Houses. The Union House features these characteristics, though does not feature the recessed doorway the McAlesters call "not uncommonly" found in Greek Revival doorways.</p><br>
<p>Besides the front entrance, the house is cast in the Gothic Revival style, popularized in the United States through various publications from the late 1830s&ndash;1850s. The Union House matches descriptions put forth by McAlester as well as in the Galena Historic Preservation Guidebook. McAlester describes decorative bargeboards, steeply pitched gables, and cross gables, with windows usually extending into the gables; all elements which are present on the Union House. The pointed arch windows described by McAlester are not present on the Union House. The Union House is of the centered gable variety described by McAlester. The Galena guidebook also describes steeply pitched roofs, cross gables and decorative bargeboarding. The original decorative bargeboarding on the Union House remains in place.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Union House, along with being the first brick house built in Orangeville, is the only example of Gothic Revival architecture found in the village. It is important locally because it was constructed by the village founder, John Bower. The house is also a good example of the crossover from Greek to Gothic Revival and blends elements from both style. The house&#39;s local significance, combined with its architectural importance qualified it for listing on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Viðey  is the largest island of the Kollafjörður Bay in Iceland, near the capital of Reykjavík.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The island covers 1.7 km&sup2 its highest point is 32 m above sea level. The island is divided by a narrow piece of land (isthmus) creating the West Island, East Island and the largest Home Island. The island has a rich bird life with about 30 species breeding here. The well-vegetated island has areas of bog, grey basalt on the West Island and eastern shore and at least 156 species of plant.</p><br>
<p>Visitors can reach the island by ferry. In the summer ferries leave daily from Skarfabakki, Harpa, and Aegisgarour pier. In the winter, ferry service is from Skarfabakki on weekends only. The Reykjavík City Card includes free ferry transfer to and from the island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island has archaeological remains dating back to the early 10th century and was the site where the "father of Reykjavík" Skuli Magnusson constructed his home and a church in the 12th century. From 1225 to 1539 an Augustine Monastery was established on the island. There is a deserted village on the island, as the island&#39;s last inhabitants left in 1943.</p><br>
<p>On the Western Island is the Videyjarstofa House. Viðeyjarstofa House was constructed in 1753-1755 by the Danish government. The Danish architect Nicolai Eigtved designed the House. The House now houses a restaurant. Two hike trails start from behind the restaurant and in the summer there is horse rental and a riding school.</p><br>
<p>The Imagine Peace Tower is located on the island. It is a "Tower of Light" envisioned and built by Yoko Ono, widow of Beatle John Lennon. According to the Associated Press: "The tower is a beam of light, radiating from a wishing well bearing the words "imagine peace" in 24 languages. The plan is for it to be lit each year between his birthday, October 9, and his death December 8."</p><br>
<p>Charles Lindbergh visited the island when he was planning his flight across the Atlantic. In Philip Roth&#39;s novel The Plot Against America, Lindbergh visits Reykjavík again in 1941, then as President of the United States, and signs a peace treaty with Adolf Hitler.</p><br>
<p>Tubbs–Carlisle House or Tubbs House or Tubbs/Revier House is an historic house in Lubbock, Texas. It is a memorial to the perspicacity, work ethic and dedication of the Pioneers who tamed, settled and developed the last frontier known as The Great American Desert, referred to generally as The Great Plains of the United States and Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Isham and Texana Tubbs began to think of caring for Texanas sister Lizzie Spikes Carlisle who had cared for the sisters mother Lucinda Pelts Carter Spikes until her death at age 85 in 1902. This called for the sale of developed homesteads in Wolfforth, Texas and a move 10 miles across the prairie onto 1 1/2 sections adjoining W. A.Gus Carlisle&#39;s homesite.</p><br>
<p>The timber for use in construction of this house was cut from trees selected by Isham Tubbs while on a return trip to their prior home in Kaufman County, Texas some 500 miles to the East. After milling, the lumber was railed to Colorado City, Childress and Amarillo, Texas, as the Railway neared Lubbock, and hauled to the site from those railheads by horse and wagon. There it cured onsite until construction was begun in 1907 and finished in 1908.</p><br>
<p>The House was modeled after one found in a magazine picture or catalog fancied by Texana Tubbs. As the house began to take shape in framing, Uncle Gus and Aunt Lizzie expressed a desire to live there also, so they helped with the addition on the North side of a smaller quarters for their abode. The construction utilizes pier and beam Queen Anne Styling, from the end of the Victorian Era. It has 1:1 pitch roofs, numerous cuppolas, "fish scaling" gables with "Gingerbread" scroll work, and extensive curved and squared porches on front and a squared porch on back.</p><br>
<p>As of 2007 (100 years), it has been a residence for descendants of the Isham and Texanna Tubbs family continually since their return from Mexico at the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution about 1910 after an aborted plantation venture that was thwarted by the ensuing chaos of the war environment. Grandchildren to great great great grandchildren of Isham and Texana Tubbs gathered in the yards and under the trees and porches of Tubbs House for a family reunion in summer 2011.</p><br>
<p>The 1411 Fourth Avenue Building is a historic building in Seattle, Washington, that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 28, 1991 . The 15-story plus basement Art Deco structure is located at the Northwest corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street. The main entrance is located at 1411 Fourth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1928 for the Stimson Realty Company under the direction of the Metropolitan Building Company for $1,100,000 by Teufel & Carlson, contractors. Robert C. Reamer was the architect. The building was fully constructed within seven months in 1928, setting a record for a building of its size.</p><br>
<p>From 1997 to 2012 the ground floor housed Tullys Coffee flagship store on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Union Street. The store was among those closed following Tullys bankruptcy protection filing.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, it was sold to the Onni Group for $29.6 million.</p><br>
<p>Te Whanganui / Port Underwood is a sheltered harbour which forms the north-east extension of Cloudy Bay at the northeast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island, on the east coast of the Marlborough Sounds. With only a relatively narrow entrance to the south-south-east it is sheltered from almost all winds. Originally considered part of Cloudy Bay the port was named after Joseph Underwood of the shipping firm Kabel and Underwood in the early 19th century.</p><br>
<p>There is evidence of a large Māori population at various times prior to European arrival in New Zealand. In the 1820s the local Rangitane were defeated by the Ngāti Toa chief Te Rauparaha. Sealers first visited about 1826 and were followed immediately by whalers. John Guard, who had started a whaling station in Tory Channel the previous year, set up a subsidiary station at Kakapo Bay in 1828. By 1840 there were approximately 150 Europeans in the area, probably the largest concentration in the South Island at that time. Large numbers of southern right whales and humpback whales were hunted in the bay, resulting in destroying these populations and rarities of their sightings in the bay nowadays.</p><br>
<p>On 16 June HMS Herald arrived with Major Thomas Banbury on board bringing the Treaty of Waitangi for the South Island chiefs to sign. This took place on Horahora-Kakahu Island just offshore from the eastern shoreline. The only European to sign the Treaty as one of the cedants, Joseph Thomas, son-in-law of Te Rauparaha&#39;s elder brother Nohorua, signed on the 16th. Nouhora himself, initially reluctant to sign, did so on 17 June. A commemorative bronze plaque marking the occasion was unveiled here on 3 October 1964.</p><br>
<p>The name of the harbour was officially altered to Te Whanganui / Port Underwood in August 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>*Ann Boyce, New Zealand pioneer and herbalist.</p><br>
<p>John Jacky Guard (1790/92 to 1858) He landed in kakapo bay and was one of the first people to have a white child in the south island</p><br>
<p>The Garst House, also known as the Garst Museum, is an historic building located at 205 North Broadway in Greenville, Ohio, United States. On November 16, 1977, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Today it is a local history museum operated by the Darke County Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Garst Museum contains exhibits about Annie Oakley, Lowell Thomas, Native American culture, local military activities, pioneer life and prehistory. There is also a display of two streets of old village shops. America is presented through a wide range of artifacts. There is a Treaty room with over 1,000 artifacts, including the Treaty of Green Ville. The Lowell Thomas Birthplace was moved to the museum grounds and is open on weekends in the summer. The museum also features a genealogy library operated by the Darke County Genealogical Society and a gift shop.</p><br>
<p>Camp Topridge is an Adirondack Great Camp bought in 1920 and substantially expanded and renovated in 1923 by Marjorie Merriweather Post, founder of General Foods and the daughter of C. W. Post. The "camp", near Keese Mill, in the USA state of New York, was considered by Post to be a "rustic retreat&quot it consisted of 68 buildings, including a fully staffed main lodge and private guest cabins, each staffed with its own butler. It was one of the largest of the Adirondack great camps and possibly the most elaborately furnished.</p><br>
<p>The camp had 207 acre and was situated on an esker between the Spectacle Ponds and Upper St. Regis Lake, about 12 mi northwest of Saranac Lake, New York.</p><br>
<p>As originally built, the property could only be reached by water, though a driveway was added in later years. Guests arrived by float-plane or Posts yacht at a private dock, and thence via funicular to the main building at the top of the ridge. Three times a week, guests would gather in the 65 by living room where full-length movies could be screened; an adjoining dining room seated thirty guests. Many of the original furnishings of the room, which included an extensive collection of American Indian artifacts, are now in the Smithsonian Institution. Among the many elaborate structures on the property is a Russian dacha built for Posts third husband, who had served as ambassador to the Soviet Union.</p><br>
<p>The staff would arrive from Keese Mills Road in Paul Smiths and drive around the water and leave their cars in a parking lot, now used as public parking for the trail to St. Regis Mountain; the trail head is just before the private property line of Camp Topridge. From the parking lot, staff would walk a hilly, unpaved path into the workers side of the camp. In the early 1970s, this unpaved path was widened and became suitable for one-way car traffic. Prior to the paving, vehicles could only be driven over the ice in the winter. Mrs Posts guests would arrive at Saranac Airport (in Lake Clear), often in her private Vickers Viscount, the Merriweather. They would be driven to a launch which would take them to one of the boat houses. From there, they could either take the stairs or ride a covered, six-person electronic lift or funicular, installed for Mrs. Posts aunt Molly Post, who suffered from heart trouble. When Mrs. Post was in camp, it provided employment to carpenters, painters, maids and general labor. For years, the caretaker of the camp and his wife would feed lunch to staff in a dining room in the caretakers home and this was one of the benefits of working for Mrs. Post at the time.</p><br>
<p>The estate was designed by local builder Ben Muncil in collaboration with New York architect Theodore Blake.</p><br>
<p>Post left the property to the State of New York. The main lodge, most of the buildings and 105 acre were offered for sale, with the remaining acreage to be made part of the Adirondack Forest Preserve. Roger Jakubowski purchased the Camp from the State of New York in 1985 for $911,000. It is now owned by Texas real estate magnate Harlan Crow, who has substantially restored the buildings and added a number of new ones.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Reverend George B. Hitchcock House is a historic house museum at 63788 567th Lane in Cass County, Iowa, a short way west of the city of Lewis. Built in 1856 by the Congregationalist minister George B. Hitchcock, it has features indicative of its use a "station" on the Underground Railway, corroborated by documentary evidence of Hitchcock&#39;s involvement in the shelter and transport of escaped slaves. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2006. It now houses a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hitchcock House is located west of the city limits of Lewis, on a hill overlooking the western bank of the East Nishnabotna River. It is a two story structure, built out of locally sourced random ashlar sandstone, and resting on a rubblestone foundation. Its walls are 21 in thick, and its interior framing is heavy hand-hewn timbers. Stylistically it is a vernacular interpretation of Federal period architecture. Unusual features of its interior include an apparently purpose-built basement chamber, whose access was probably concealed by a false cabinet. The other basement room is fitted with a cooking fireplace, and was accessible via an exterior entrance and by stairs from above. It is surmised that these rooms were used for the shelter and support of fugitive slaves.</p><br>
<p>The minister George B. Hitchcock (1812–1872) built the house around 1855 and lived in it from 1856 to 1865. At the time of its construction, it overlooked two major east-west trails, leading to ferry crossings on the river. Hitchcock was involved in the American abolitionism movement known as the Underground Railroad, giving sanctuary to escaped slaves. The property was used as a farm until 1966, when it was sold to the state. It underwent a major restoration in the 1980s, and is now managed by the county as a historic house museum, interpreting the history of the Hitchcock family and the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The Architects and Engineers Building is an office building in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, designed by locally notable architects Hewitt and Brown and built by builders Pike and Cook. The building was influenced by Hewitt and Brown&#39;s relationship with designers who were dedicated to the City Beautiful movement. They intended to save money by grouping their practices in one building, and they also desired "the special advantage of proximity and the facility for making the knowledge and experience of each available to others." The building was designed with private executive offices, as well as common drafting rooms, libraries, meeting rooms, and clerical facilities. The building was also intended for use at night by architectural students who would work in association with practicing professionals.</p><br>
<p>The building is designed with an Italian Renaissance theme, with different window plans on each level. The names of prominent architects such as Leonardo da Vinci, Filippo Brunelleschi, Sir Christopher Wren, Charles Follen McKim, and Henry Hobson Richardson are painted in gold within the arches between each pair of third-floor windows.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for local significance in architecture and commerce. The building is now occupied by Catholic Charities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.</p><br>
<p>Lexington Reservoir is an artificial lake on the Los Gatos Creek near Los Gatos, California. The James J. Lenihan Dam, a 195 ft high, 1,000 ft thick earthen dam, forms the third-largest reservoir in Santa Clara County.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, at an elevation of 645 ft.</p><br>
<p>State Route 17 runs alongside the dam&#39;s western edge and over part of the reservoir. Alma Bridge Road (Limekiln Canyon Road) runs around the eastern side, connecting with 17 at the north end and again at the south end via other surface streets.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is contained in Lexington Reservoir County Park, which includes hiking trails in the hills with good views of the reservoir and of Silicon Valley. The Los Gatos Creek Trail starts at the dam and continues downstream along the creek&#39;s canyon.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Santa Clara Valley Water District and provides water for Silicon Valley.</p><br>
<p>In October 2007, the Santa Clara Valley Water District began a construction project to replace the old 48 in outlet pipe that runs through the base of the dam from the reservoir to Los Gatos Creek. The current outlet pipe will be replaced with a 54 in-diameter pipe, new valves, outlet structures and a control building.</p><br>
<p>The repairs are being made to allow the reservoir to drain quickly enough during emergencies such as after a major earthquake that could cause cracks in the dam, or during a series of heavy winter storms that pose flooding risks to Los Gatos and Campbell.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1943, because of the rapid expansion of orchards in the county, the Santa Clara Valley Water District determined that the well water in the Santa Clara Valley was being diminished rapidly and a dam was needed on Los Gatos Creek, with one goal being to percolate the water into the ground and ultimately increase the amount of well water available. After rerouting State Route 17 near Windy Point, which is a mile south of Los Gatos, the District began dam construction in the spring of 1952, completing it that fall.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir covered the towns of Lexington and Alma. Alma and Lexington reached their peak population in the mid-19th century, when about 200 people lived in each. Each of the towns had a post office, hotel, saloons, blacksmith shops, and half a dozen redwood sawmills. Lexington was the halfway stop for stagecoaches running between San Jose and Santa Cruz. The town served as a place to switch from four horses to six horses to get over the mountains. Lexington declined after 1880 when the narrow gauge railroad from Los Gatos to Santa Cruz bypassed it, while Alma declined when Highway 17 bypassed it in 1940. The railroad ceased operations in 1940. By 1950, only about 100 people lived in the two communities.</p><br>
<p>Lexington gained national attention in 1883, when a Los Gatos saloon keeper, Lloyd Majors, hired two thugs to rob an elderly Lexington man who kept $20,000 in gold in his cabin. They burned him with turpentine-soaked rags and beat him with pistols, killing him, and then fled with the gold. Their sensational trial in San Jose drew national attention similar to that accorded to the Lizzie Borden ax murders nine years later. Majors and one of the thugs were hanged. The other spent 15 years in prison.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation projects</h2><br>
<p>In September 2007, the Santa Clara Valley Water District began its “Lenihan Dam Outlet Project” at Lexington Reservoir. This project replaced the old outlet pipe that releases water from Lexington Reservoir into some of the creeks and streams of Santa Clara Valley.</p><br>
<p>In the past, the old pipe required frequent maintenance and repairs because it was aging and collapsed in several areas. The new outlet pipe, which runs through a new tunnel in Saint Joseph’s Hill (on the east side of the dam), also features new actuating valves and a new intake structure.</p><br>
<h2>Lexington Reservoir County Park</h2><br>
<p>Besides serving as a water supply for the area, the lake is used for rowing, paddling, and fishing. Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department manages the 914 acre Lexington Reservoir County Park. The park provides facilities for hiking and picnicking. For fishing, the reservoir is stocked with black bass, trout, bluegill, and crappie. The park includes part of the San Andreas Fault, which crosses Los Gatos Creek just south of the upstream end of the reservoir. The mountains feature redwood forests, chaparral, grasslands, hardwoods, and mixed conifer habitats.</p><br>
<p>When the level of Lexington Reservoir drops, it is possible to see portions of the old roads that were used in the construction of the reservoir and that served the historic towns of Lexington and Alma that were covered by the reservoir. Some building foundations in the ghost towns are also visible at times.</p><br>
<p>The photo at right shows a bridge across Black Creek, built in 1926. The bridge, along with a few house foundations from the towns of Lexington and Alma, were exposed in 2008 when the reservoir was drained for dam maintenance. These historical structures have been exposed only three or four times since the dam was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Round Church, also known as the Old Round Church, is a historic church on Round Church Road in Richmond, Vermont. Built in 1812–1813, it is a rare, well-preserved example of a sixteen-sided meeting house. It was built to serve as the meeting place for the town as well as five Protestant congregations. Today it is maintained by the Richmond Historical Society and is open to the public during the summer and early fall, It is also available for weddings and other events. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1996 for the rarity of its form and its exceptional state of preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Round Church is set on the east side of Round Church Road, a short way south of the Winooski River and Richmond&#39;s main village center. It is a two-story wood frame structure with sixteen sides, finished with wooden clapboards and modest Federal period styling. All but four sides have two sash windows; the wall section behind the pulpit has no windows, and three sides have doorways in the first level and windows in the second. The doorways are framed by simple pilasters and unadorned entablatures. The building is topped by a sixteen-sided roof with a two-stage octagonal belltower at the center.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1812–13 by William Rhodes, a native of Claremont, New Hampshire, where there was a sixteen-sided brick church (since demolished) whose only surviving view shows great similarity to this building. Rhodes adapted the conventional meeting house to this distinctive form, borrowing at least some details from architectural pattern books, using a panel from Asher Benjamins 1797 Public Builders Assistant for the styling of the pulpit. The construction was funded by the sale of pews, most of which were purchased by Congregationalists, but at least four other Christian denominations were represented.</p><br>
<p>The building was used for both religious service and town meetings for many years. The Baptist Congregation folded in 1843, and the Congregationalists moved to a new building in 1850. The Universalists built their own church in 1879, and the Methodists apparently stopped using this building in the 1880s. The town continued to use it until 1973, when it was closed over concerns for its structural soundness. The building had in 1927 undergone some work to shore up its leaning tower and sagging roof, but these changes may have been ineffective. The town gave the building to the Richmond Historical Society in 1976, and it underwent a major restoration in 1980–81. This restoration reversed major alterations made since its original construction (including, for example, the removal of a stairway to the attic), the careful reconstruction of the tower using similar materials (due to extensive rot in the original), and a sympathetic reframing of the roof.</p><br>
<p>Gethsemane Episcopal Church is an historic church in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is one of the oldest extant churches in Minneapolis and is significant for its Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Architect Edward Stebbins modeled the church on small Gothic style churches in rural England. It is proportioned rather broadly, as opposed having tall proportions, which is rather unusual for churches designed in the late 19th century. The area surrounding the church was primarily residential when it was first built, but it is now surrounded by commercial development.</p><br>
<p>Since the arrival in 2005 of a new priest, the Rev. Aron Kramer, Gethsemane has undergone many changes. The congregation has received mission congregation funds from the diocese in an effort to become an active part of the downtown community. The church is also currently served by the Rev. Sandy Obarski, deacon.</p><br>
<p>The James B. Weaver House is a historic house at 102 Weaver Road  in Bloomfield, Iowa. Built in 1865, it was the home of James Weaver  until 1890. Weaver, a populist and anti-monopolist, was the Greenback candidate for President in 1880 and the Populist candidate in 1892. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. It is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Weaver House is located north of downtown Bloomfield, on the east side of Weaver Road just north of its junction with North Street. It is a two story L-shaped brick structure, with a gabled roof, five corbelled chimneys, and a single-story ell to the rear. A two-story porch is set in the crook of the L. The most prominent feature of the exterior is the windows of its principal elevations, which are set in arched openings framed by dentillated brick hoods.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1865 for James B. Weaver, an Ohio native who settled in newly formed Bloomfield in 1847. Politically active, he helped organize Iowas Republican Party, and served in the Union Army in the American Civil War. A champion of the rural farm electorate, he ran for President of the United States on the Greenback Party ticket in 1880, and the populist Peoples Party in 1892, having helped form the party out of a group of reform-oriented organizations the previous year.</p><br>
<p>Weaver lived in this house until 1890, when he moved to Des Moines. After passing through several private owners, it was acquired by the Davis County Chautauqua Association, which operated it for a time as a historic house museum. It was eventually returned to private ownership, and is now operated as a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<p>Indian Village State Preserve, or the Wittrock Indian Village State Preserve, is a state archaeological preserve near Sutherland, Iowa. The 6 acre property preserves the Indian Village Site (13OB4</p><br>
<p>The site is located on a terrace overlooking Waterman Creek. It has yielded evidence of occupation for a roughly 300-year period around 1200 CE. The site was completely surrounded by a wooden stockade, probably for protection against other Native Americans. Within the bounds of the stockade there were about 20 lodges, partially subterranean structures about 20 x, which were accessed by entry tunnels. Each lodge had a fireplace and a storage pit.</p><br>
<p>The site was acquired by the state in 1937, and has been the subject of several excavations by professional archaeologists. It was first excavated by the state in 1965, at which time elements of the stockade and the character of the housing was identified. The site is subject to erosion, which the state has taken steps to mitigate by the installation of gabions on the creek bank. Materials from the site are archived at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, and at the state archaeological office. The state has installed a partial recreation of a stockade, to give an impression of what life might have been like in the village.</p><br>
<p>The Bay of Buena Vista  is a bay on Cuba&#39;s northern Atlantic shore. It is located in the northern part of the provinces of Sancti Spíritus, Villa Clara and Ciego de Ávila, between mainland Cuba and the archipelago that lines its northern coast.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The many cays that define the bay&#39;s northern limits include Cayo Francés, Cayo Fragoso and Cayo Santa Maria of the Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, and past them, the bay opens in the Nicholas Channel to the north-west and in the Old Bahamas Channel to the north-east.</p><br>
<p>The southern edge lies in the municipalities of Caibarién, Yaguajay, Chambas and Morón as well as the Bay of Dogs (Bahia Perros). To the east it is bordered by Cayo Coco and Cayo Guillermo of the Jardines del Rey archipelago and the Bay of Jiguey.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Caguanes National Park is established on the southern shore. The bay itself is a Biosphere reserve and a Ramsar Convention site. The strictly protected area extends for 313.5 km&sup2; into the bay. Other ecological reserves are established on Cayo Francés, Cayo Santa María, Cayo Guillermo and Cayo Coco, while a fauna reserve is set up on Cayo Las Loras. Buffer zones are established in the form of further protected areas in Jobo Rosado and Boquerones on the mainland.</p><br>
<p>The cays contain more than 20 endemic species.</p><br>
<p>Rattlesnake Mountain  is a 3,527 ft  windswept treeless sub-alpine ridge overlooking the Hanford nuclear site. Parts of the western slope are privately owned ranchland, while the eastern slope is under the federal protection of the Arid Lands Ecology Reserve, a unit of the Hanford Reach National Monument, managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<p>Rattlesnake Mountain is often described as the tallest treeless mountain in the world, but this claim appears to be without foundation. The highest winds recorded on Rattlesnake were around 150 mph (241 kilometers per hour).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Yakama Nation referred to Rattlesnake Mountain as Lalíik, meaning "land above the water". Some historians speculate that the origin of the name Lalíik refers to the inundation of the Columbia River Plateau during the Missoula Floods, as Rattlesnake would have been one of the few mountains not completely inundated by flood waters reaching depths of 1200 ft (366 m). Geologists have found glacial erratics on Rattlesnake at heights up to this level. However, there is scant evidence placing human settlements in the area at the time of the floods, 12 to 13 thousand years ago. Lalíik is held sacred by native peoples of the Columbia Plateau, including the Nez Perce, Umatilla, Wanapum, Cayuse, Walla Walla, and Yakama, and remains a spiritual epicenter to this day.</p><br>
<p>In 1943, Rattlesnake Mountain was seized by the United States government under eminent domain and became a buffer zone for the nuclear project at the Hanford site. In 1956, US Army installed a Nike Ajax missile base on the southeastern end of the ridge and maintained it until 1960, when it was closed.</p><br>
<h2>Rattlesnake Mountain Observatory</h2><br>
<p>The Rattlesnake Mountain Observatory was established at the summit in 1966, utilizing some of the former missile base infrastructure, and remained there until its relocation near Wallula, WA in 2009. The observatory&#39;s main telescope was installed in 1971 and is a 32-inch (0.8-meter) telescope housed inside a 24-foot domed enclosure. This telescope is the largest permanently mounted telescope in Washington State. The telescope was used regularly through the early 1980s, but soon fell into disuse. Due to its location, renovations and upgrades were done to allow for remote control. Observatory operations are directed by a local nonprofit group founded by scientists and engineers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at Hanford.</p><br>
<p>It was announced 14 March 2008 that the Department of Energy would not renew the permit, license or easements for the observatory or most of the other entities that maintain communication equipment on the mountain. DOE instead intends to return the area to its natural conditions, citing the cultural sensitivity of the area. The removal of the observatory from Rattlesnake Mountain began in the latter part of May, 2009. Most of the work, including the removal of the telescope itself, was completed in June of the same year. In late 2012, the telescope moved into its new home in the hills near Wallula, WA</p><br>
<h2>Public access</h2><br>
<p>Section 3081, "Ensuring public access to the summit of Rattlesnake Mountain in the Hanford Reach National Monument", of the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (H.R. 3979 (113th)) directs the Secretary of the Interior to provide public access (including motorized access) to the summit of Rattlesnake Mountain in the Hanford Reach National Monument in the state of Washington. This law was enacted — Signed by the President on Dec 19, 2014. The provision is supposed to help with tourism and scientific undertakings. The Native American community has objected to this action. As of October 2015, the USA Fish and Wildlife Service is seeking public input on implementation of the law.</p><br>
<p>Preservation Inlet is the southernmost fjord in Fiordland National Park and lies on the southwest corner of the South Island of New Zealand.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>A long narrow fjord extending north-eastwards between Gulches Head to the north and Puysegur Point to the south. Coal Island lies at the entrance. Its innermost arm is known as Long Sound which is the outlet of Long Burn. Gray River flows nearby the inlet.</p><br>
<p>A large part of the interior of Preservation Inlet is protected by the Te Tapuwae o Hua (Long Sound) Marine Reserve.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Known to early sealers and whalers, it was named by Captain Eber Bunker in 1809. The first shore-based whaling station in New Zealand was established here in 1828 or 1829, exploiting southern right whales in the area.</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s gold deposits were found. Two settlement known as Cromarty and Te Oneroa were established in Kisbee Bay for miners. However by 1904 only a few miners were left, and few traces of the settlements remain.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>After a massive exploitation for over years, southern right whales finally started returning into the inlet along with Chalky Inlet. There are anecdotal sightings of Hector&#39;s dolphins. while bottlenose dolphins are more regularly observed.</p><br>
<p>Southern elephant seals are occasionally observed resting on shore around the inlet.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>No roads reach the coast at this point. However, a tramping track is available from Tuatapere. There is also access to the sound by sea or air.</p><br>
<p>President is a steamboat that currently lies dismantled in Effingham, Illinois. Originally named Cincinnati, it was built in 1924 and is the only remaining "Western Rivers" style sidewheel river excursion steamboat in the United States. She was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1989, although these designations were revoked in 2011. Her home ports have been Cincinnati, Ohio; New Orleans, Louisiana; Vicksburg, Mississippi; St. Louis, Missouri; and Davenport, Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1924 by the Midland Barge Company for John W. Hubbard of Pittsburgh and then known as Cincinnati, she was originally planned as an overnight packet boat which carried passengers and freight from Cincinnati, Ohio, to Louisville, Kentucky during the summer. Once the hull was in Cincinnati, the owners expanded the passenger capacity by building two cabin-decks. The operators, Louisville & Cincinnati Packet Company, ran excursions, making its maiden voyage downstream to New Orleans for Mardi Gras in 1924. They operated Mardi Gras excursions for consecutive years through 1930. Sometimes Cincinnati cruised upriver into the Pittsburgh area.</p><br>
<p>Streckfus Steamers acquired the Cincinnati in 1933 and stripped it down to its hull. They refitted the hull with 24 watertight compartments, then built five decks encased within an all-steel superstructure. The company moved her to her new home port of St. Louis, Missouri, where she served the upscale excursion market. Renamed as President, the newly renovated 285-foot sidewheeler could accommodate 3,000 passengers and the ballroom could host 1,000 dancers. The cabins were built with an open design and the lido was built without a Texas deck.</p><br>
<p>Newly converted and newly named, she opened for business in 1934. Streckfus advertised her as "the New 5 Deck Luxury Super Steamer, Biggest and Finest On The Upper Mississippi". She continued tramping (having no fixed schedule or published ports of call) until 1941. (In 1940, she was displaced from her position as flagship of the Streckfus line by the S.S. Admiral.)</p><br>
<p>In 1941, she switched her home port to New Orleans. Because fuel oil was restricted and many of the young crewmen joined the armed forces with the nation&#39;s entry into World War II, tramping was discontinued, and the cruises stayed close to home. After the war, President remained in New Orleans for many years as a popular music venue, featuring concerts by national acts such as U2, Cyndi Lauper, Men at Work, The Little River Band, and The Producers, and performances by New Orleans artists like Dr. John, The Neville Brothers, and The Cold.</p><br>
<p>Because the wind made maneuvering the big boat difficult, she had her two side wheels removed and replaced by 1,000 hp diesel engines in 1978.</p><br>
<p>She was sold in 1985 and returned to St. Louis as her home port. While there, she was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark on Dec. 20, 1989.</p><br>
<p>On July 27, 2011, the Department of the Interior issued a press release that included the following line; "Finally, President, a steamboat in St. Elmo, Illinois, had its designation as a National Historic Landmark withdrawn because of a loss of historic integrity." The ship was also removed from the National Register entirely.</p><br>
<h2>Casino</h2><br>
<p>In 1990, President sailed her last dinner and dancing cruise before undergoing a ten million dollar renovation and conversion into a floating casino. She was purchased by what is now known as Isle of Capri Casinos. In 1991, Iowa legalized riverboat gambling and the President opened in Davenport, Iowa, with 27,000 ft&sup2; of gaming space. She was the second riverboat casino in the United States in modern times (opening 30 minutes after the first riverboat casino the M/V Diamond Lady opened in Bettendorf, Iowa, which was owned by Bernie Goldstein).</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>President retired from service in 1999 and was reported, in 2004, to be located on the Yazoo River in Mississippi. At that time, she was for sale by Isle of Capri Casinos. She was also located for a time at Treasure Island in Lake McKellar at Memphis, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>In January 2009, President was located in Alton, Illinois, where she had been listed by the National Park Service as of November 2007. She was disassembled and moved in pieces to St. Elmo, Illinois, near Effingham. Although local businesspeople hope to re-assemble her as a non-floating tourist attraction and hotel, financing has yet to be secured.</p><br>
<p>The Pearl Street Schoolhouse, also known as District 11 Schoolhouse, is located south of the junction of Awosting and Decker roads in the Town of Shawangunk, New York, United States. It was built around 1850.</p><br>
<p>The schoolhouse name is derived from the tendency of the Jansen family to speak often of Pearl Street in what is today Lower Manhattan. The homes of early settlers Thomas and Johannes are within a mile (1.6 km) of each other. Eventually, the whole area they lived in became known as Pearl Street.</p><br>
<p>The building, now a private home, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is a single-story three-by-three-bay frame structure on a stone foundation, now parged with concrete. A gabled roof is pierced by a brick chimney. To the west a modern shed-roofed wing on block piers projects.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the single room has been divided into two large spaces. Much of the original woodwork, including the wainscoting, remains. Other signs of the building&#39;s use as a school are evident, particularly the coat pegs near the south door, a black spot on the floor where the potbelly stove was and a hole in the wall for its exhaust pipe.</p><br>
<p>The first record of the building is an 1858 atlas describing the building as a store with the school across the street; however this is believed to be in error because of the building&#39;s architecture. In 1875 another atlas describes it as Public School No. 11. It remained in use as a school until 1942-43, after which it was sold for use as a private residence. In 1956 the rear wing was added, and it was expanded nine years later, adding two more rooms to the house.</p><br>
<p>The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Passenger and Freight Complex in Fort Madison, Iowa consists of a former passenger train station and a former freight station built in 1909 by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The original passenger depot was built in 1888 and later expanded to include the freight office. The station was closed in 1968 and replaced by the current Amtrak station.</p><br>
<p>Plans backed by Senator Tom Harkin and Representative David Loebsack call for the station to be reopened and the newer Amtrak station to be closed, and for the station to be restored with interpretive displays. There is already a Santa Fe caboose on display on the property., the rehabilitation project for the depot is underway. The first two phases to raise the complex&#39;s three buildings and the surrounding area by four feet are complete. This work brought the elevation of the complex above the 500-year flood elevation. The third phase of the project is to renovate the interior and its Art Deco style. The final phase, to be completed in 2016, will construct a railway platform so that the depot can again serve passengers.</p><br>
<p>Easton Cemetery is a historic cemetery and burial site of many notable individuals, located in Easton, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Easton Cemetery&#39;s parklike cemetery landscape design is based on the picturesque romantic styles of the early and late 19th century. Its landscape is set with thousands of examples of funeral artwork, in a variety of decorative styles, spanning Greco-Roman Revival, Gothic Victorian, and Art Deco. Established in 1849, Easton Cemetery is the earliest and best surviving example of a romantic parklike cemetery within the Lehigh Valley metro area. Architecturally noteworthy features include a Gothic Revival Gatehouse and office, stable, cemetery chapel, and a Gothic frame workshop.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Fred Ashton (1931-2013)</p><br>
<p>Jefferson Davis Brodhead (1859-1920)</p><br>
<p>Richard Brodhead (1811-1863)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Coates (1803-1895), "The Father of Band Music in America," and conductor, Regimental Band, 47th Pennsylvania Infantry</p><br>
<p>Peter Ihrie, Jr. (1796-1871)</p><br>
<p>Philip Johnson (1818-1867)</p><br>
<p>William Sebring Kirkpatrick (1844-1932)</p><br>
<p>Howard Mutchler (1859-1916)</p><br>
<p>William Mutchler (1831-1893)</p><br>
<p>James Madison Porter (1793-1862)</p><br>
<p>James F. Randolph (1791-1872)</p><br>
<p>Joseph Fitz Randolph (1803-1873), represented New Jersey at large in the United States House of Representatives from 1837 to 1843.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Horatio Reeder (1807-1864)</p><br>
<p>Samuel Sitgreaves (1764-1827)</p><br>
<p>Henry Joseph Steele (1860-1933)</p><br>
<p>George Taylor (1716-1781)</p><br>
<p>David Douglas Wagener (1792-1860)</p><br>
<p>Charles A. Wikoff (1837-1898)</p><br>
<p>Conrad Meyer Zulick (1838-1926)</p><br>
<p>Samuel Morton Zulick (1824-1876)</p><br>
<p>Harrisville Historic District is a well-preserved historic New England mill village located in the southwest part of New Hampshire. It consists of about 200 acre and about 135 structures. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The district is located about 10 mi east of Keene, New Hampshire, then 3 mi north on Harrisville-Dublin Road from New Hampshire Route 101.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area of what is today the town of Harrisville, New Hampshire was originally part of the towns of Dublin and Nelson, in Cheshire County. The site of the village is located on hilly terrain on a ridge that forms the divide between the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers, approximately 1,300 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>In 1774, Abel Twitchel built a combination grist and saw mill on a stream running through the village. Later, Jason Harris built a blacksmith shop in the village, which until 1830 was known as Twitchells Mills. In 1799, Jonas Clark built a clothing mill for fulling and dressing cloth. His wife also spun linen thread in the same mill. The Clarks sold their mill to James Horsley in 1804 and moved to Canada. By this time Clarks grist mill had been fitted with a wool carding machine, installed by Bethuel Harris and Abel Twitchell. It is claimed that this was only the second such machine to be installed in the entire United States.</p><br>
<p>In 1822, Bethuel and Cyrus Harris constructed a brick mill on the stream for the manufacture of woolen cloths. The machinery for the mill was installed by Milan Harris. In 1833 Milan Harris and A.S. Hutchinson built a new mill, referred to as the "Upper Mill", on the site of the old grist and saw-mill. The "Upper Mill", now known as the Harris Mill, is now owned Historic Harrisville, Inc. and occupied by, which was established in 1971 to help preserve the history of the manufacture of wool yarn and cloth in the village.</p><br>
<p>Cheshire Mill No. 1, with its distinctive bell tower, was constructed in 1848 by Cyrus Harris from New Hampshire granite. It was one of the last remaining operational textile mills in New England, closing its doors in 1970. The site also includes the abutting Cheshire Mill No. 2, a red brick structure built in 1859, as well as Cheshire Mill No. 3, 4 and 5, built in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The National Historic Landmark District also includes numerous historic homes and worker cottages, several churches, a storehouse, general store and a cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Historic District, also known as Riverside Landscape Architecture District, encompasses what is arguably one of the first planned communities in the United States. The district encompasses the majority of the village of Riverside, Illinois, a suburb just west of Chicago. It was planned and designed by Calvert Vaux and Frederick Law Olmsted, and features a number of architecturally distinguished buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to "Riverside in 1871 With a Description of its Improvements", a booklet by The Riverside Improvement Company, The Riverside Improvement Company was established in April, 1869 to build a charming modern suburban neighborhood called "Riverside". About nine miles from Chicago, Riverside covers about 1,600 acres of land along the Des Plaines River. Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of Central Park, New York, furnished the plans for Riverside. Riverside village is unique among Chicago suburbs. Throughout the village, winding roads and green areas along the river create a park like setting.</p><br>
<p>Water Tower in Riverside, IL is designed by Jenney, Schermerhor & Bogart, architects and Engineers. Like the Water Tower in Chicago, the Riverside water tower is also a well-known landmark in the area. It is both a water tank and a decorative element in the village-scape.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside district includes the streets, parkways, parklands, and historic gas street lighting in the area bounded by 26th St., Harlem and Ogden Aves., the Des Plaines River, and Forbes Rd. Also included are the many homes and estates designed by architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, William Le Baron Jenney, Frederick Clarke Withers, and Calvert Vaux. Several homes, such as the F. F. Tomek House and the Coonley House, have individually received National Historic Landmark status.</p><br>
<p>All but about 100 acre of the village was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Ramsey House is a historic house museum in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States; the former residence of Alexander Ramsey, who served as the first governor of Minnesota Territory and the second governor of the state of Minnesota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. It is also a contributing property to the Irvine Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It is located at 265 Exchange St. S. in the Irvine Park area, which was one of the first trendy neighborhoods in Minnesota. Designed by noted early Minnesota architect Monroe Sheire, the house is one of the nation&#39;s best-preserved Victorian homes, featuring carved walnut woodwork, marble fireplaces, crystal chandeliers and many original furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The Ramsey family began building the house in 1868, including innovations like hot water radiators, gas lights and hot and cold running water, and when it was completed in 1872, the total cost of construction was nearly $41,000. To furnish the house, Ramsey&#39;s wife Anna filled two boxcars with fashionable and expensive Renaissance-revival furniture from the A.T. Stewart Company Store in New York to bring home to Minnesota.</p><br>
<p>The Ramseys&#39; daughter Marion married Charles Furness in a lavish wedding in the parlor in 1875.</p><br>
<p>The 15-room house remained in the Ramsey family until the death of Alexander Ramseys last surviving granddaughter Anita in 1964. The house and its contents were left to the Minnesota Historical Society, which now operates it as a museum with tours offered year-round. They offer special programs such as "A Victorian Christmas at the Ramsey House" in which the house is decorated for the holidays and visitors can discover how the Ramseys would have prepared for and celebrated Christmas. Tours show the dining table set with the familys china and crystal, with a Christmas tree decorated with the family&#39;s own ornaments.</p><br>
<p>The F.F. Tomek House, also known as The Ship House or as the Ferdinand Frederick and Emily Tomek House, is a historic house at 150 Nuttall Road in Riverside, Illinois. It is prominent example of Prairie School design by Frank Lloyd Wright. Designed in 1904 and construction finished in 1906, the Tomek House is a well-preserved example of the style. In addition to being a good example of the Prairie style, the Tomek house documents the development of the style, which reached its clearest expression in Wright&#39;s Robie House in 1908. It is included in the Riverside Historic District and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Tomek house was constructed for Ferdinand Frederick Tomek from 1905 to 1906. Tomek worked in a factory that produced picture frames and wooden moldings. The Tomeks resided in the house until 1924. The house is considered an important artifact of the development of Frank Lloyd Wrights Prairie School of design. Barry Byrne was the assistant architect for the house. The Tomek house served as a model for the Robie House, Wrights famed 1910 design. Like most of his projects, Wright designed the furniture for the Tomek house.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the Illinois Historic Structures Survey identified it as a significant site. The house has been extensively restored. The Illinois Department of Conservation approved a grant for this purpose to the Moran family in 1979. The Illinois Historic Preservation Agency approved the changed and issued a Certificate of Rehabilitation. In 1993, the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy was offered an easement to help protect the residence. On January 20, 1999, the house was named a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service, owing to its role as a site of national-level significance.</p><br>
<p>The Sears, Roebuck and Company Complex on the west side of Chicago, Illinois is where Sears, Roebuck conducted the bulk of its mail order operations between 1906 and 1993. It also served as the corporate headquarters until 1973, when the Sears Tower was completed. Of its original 40 acre complex, only three buildings now survive, and have been adaptively rehabilitated to other uses. The complex was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1978, at which time it still included the 3-million square foot mail order plant, the world&#39;s largest commercial building when it was completed.</p><br>
<p>These core buildings occupy an area bounded on the north by West Arthington Street, the west by Central Park Avenue, the east by Spaulding Avenue, and the south by West Fillmore Street. The surviving buildings can be seen from Homan and West Arthington.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Sears, Roebuck was founded in 1893, and was originally headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Experiencing rapid growth, the retailer in 1895 moved its headquarters to a building on West Adams Street in Chicago, and again the following year to Fulton and Desplaines Streets. The company&#39;s rapid growth created problems with the fulfillment of orders, because it had to lease space all over the city to warehouse its products.</p><br>
<p>In 1904 the company purchased over 40 acre of land on Chicago&#39;s West Side, and embarked on one of the largest retail development projects to date. The centerpiece of the company-owned "city within a city" were its central administration building, a merchandise development house, and a mail order processing facility, along with a power plant to provide electricity and heat to the entire complex. Designed by Nimmons and Fellows, a local architectural firm, the complex was so large the company required city permission to build over some city streets.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s extensive athletic facilities were added to the complex, as an encouragement for after-work socialization to keep employee morale high. Included were a clubhouse and tennis courts, and the Sears Department of the YMCA. Events included an annual track and field competitions, and company baseball teams.</p><br>
<p>By 1926, the first ground level parking lots replaced the athletic fields. This happened at the same time that a strategic shift from catalog sales to retail stores had started with easy auto travel making travel to a store more practical. By 1943 the complex had become a city within itself. Sears created their own services for effective use, much advanced beyond what was required at the time, including:</p><br>
<p>a company fire department, with volunteer firemen, and early use of fire sprinklers.</p><br>
<p>a 200,000-gallon water tank, water use and fire prevention purposes.</p><br>
<p>a newspaper publicity office.</p><br>
<p>a cafeteria – originally men and women were separated, and multiple levels of service for all employee lunch and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>a private bank offering services for employees on site.</p><br>
<p>The companys growth continued through the 20th century, and by the 1960s it was the largest retailer in the world. Changing trends in retail sales and methods led to a decline, and the companys mail order business was scaled back in 1987, moving out of these premises. The corporate headquarters had been moved in 1973 to the Sears Tower, so the complex then stood vacant. Its closure of the complex presented the city with a redevelopment problem.</p><br>
<p>In 1992 a non-profit partnership organized by former Sears management began to redevelop the site, now dubbed Homan Square. The mail order merchandise building was demolished (except for its main tower), and the land it occupies has been redeveloped to include new residences, retail, and a community center. Homan Square is used as an example of the gradual turn around of North Lawndale. Included in this reconstruction effort is the massive rehabilitation of the former Sears Power House, into the Charles H. Shaw Technology and Learning Center—a LEED Platinum historic renovation designed by Farr Associates.</p><br>
<h2>Surviving buildings</h2><br>
<p>The elements that survive from the early period of the Sears complex development are organized around South Homan Avenue, between West Arthington Street and the railroad tracks to the south. The merchandise tower, the only surviving element of the 3-million-square-foot Merchandise Building, is to the west, and the Power House and Administration Building are to the east. Beyond those two, fronting on West Arthington and Spaulding Avenue, is the former Merchandise Laboratory.</p><br>
<h3>Sears Merchandise Building Tower</h3><br>
<p>The Sears Merchandise Building Tower is a fourteen-story structure, with a limestone base and brick walls. It is crowned by a Classical Revival top floor with round-arch windows and a modillioned cornice. It housed water tanks for firefighting on the upper levels, as well as offices and secretarial training facilities. It also housed the early broadcast facilities for WLS-AM. In 2015, it was refurbished and reopened to the public as the "John D. and Alexandra C. Nichols Tower". It now houses non-profit groups and offices, including a classroom on the 12th</p><br>
<p>floor for the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. The Sears Roebuck plaque is still visible on top of the building.</p><br>
<h3>Administration Building</h3><br>
<p>The Sears, Roebuck and Company Administration Building is a broad five-story masonry building, occupying about 3/4 of the block facing West Arthington between South Homan and Spaulding. It has ornate Classical Revival detailing applied to an otherwise fairly typical Chicago School design.</p><br>
<h3>Power Station</h3><br>
<p>The Power Station is a rectangular, nominally single-story, brick structure measuring 114 x. Its front facade is characterized by tall and large round-arch windows, with a stepped parapet above.</p><br>
<h3>Merchandise Development Laboratory</h3><br>
<p>This building, which is an L-shaped structure six stories in height and finished in brick, housed the company&#39;s catalog printing operation from 1905 to 1926. It served for about forty years as its principal product testing laboratory.</p><br>
<h2>Filming location</h2><br>
<p>Ocean&#39;s Twelve (2004) – George Clooney and Matt Damon along with many other actors filmed a scene in the Power House.</p><br>
<p>Stranger than Fiction (2006) – For this movie, Emma Thompson filmed a night scene in front of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The Owen Lovejoy House is a historic house museum on East Peru Street in Princeton, Illinois. Built in 1838, it was for many years home to Owen Lovejoy , a prominent abolitionist and congressman. Lovejoy was an open operator of shelter and support on the Underground Railroad, and his house contains a concealed compartment in which escaped slaves could be hidden. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1997. It is open seasonally or by appointment for tours.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Owen Lovejoy House stands on the outer fringe of the developed town center of Princeton, on the north side of East Peru Street between 7th and 8th Streets. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and vernacular Greek Revival styling. The left half of its broad front is sheltered by a hip-roofed porch, which wraps around the left side. An ell extends to the rear of the building. On the second floor is an attic space that has been traditionally ascribed the role as a fugitive hiding place. It is a triangular space running along the back of the main block, whose presence is obscured by the arrangements of the walls on the back staircase. The space appears to have been deliberately constructed in this way, and it is not obviously amenable for use as a more conventional storage space.</p><br>
<p>The main part of the house was built in 1835 by Butler Denham, who had acquired land here the previous year. It was expanded soon afterward to the rear, and again about 1850 to the east. Denham, a Massachusetts native, farmed here and died in 1841. His wife Eunice remarried, to Owen Lovejoy, a fiery abolitionist lawyer from Maine. Lovejoy was a prominent organizer of abolitionist activity in Illinois, and helped organize the state Republican Party with Abraham Lincoln in 1854. He notoriously flaunted his assistance to fugitive slaves in anti-slavery speeches he made to the public and on the floor of the United States Congress.</p><br>
<p>Lovejoy&#39;s house remained in the family until 1931, when it was sold to a couple who performed a partial restoration, and attempted to operate it as a museum. The effort failed, and the house declined in condition. It was acquired by the city in 1971, and underwent a major rehabilitation over the next year. It has been operated by the city since then as a history museum.</p><br>
<p>The Pioneer Gothic Church is located in the village of Dwight, Illinois, United States. The building is a rare example of an extant wood framed Carpenter Gothic church in the state of Illinois. The building was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pioneer Gothic Church was built by a Presbyterian congregation in the village of Dwight, Illinois, United States, in Livingston County, in 1857. In 1860, Prince Edward of Wales visited Dwight on a hunting expedition for wild birds and attended a church service at the Pioneer Gothic Church. Between 1869 and 1891 Dwight experienced four major fires, all of which the wooden church survived. The building served as a church and a township hall for Dwight Township, it is operated by the Dwight Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Pioneer Gothic Church is an example of wooden framed, Carpenter Gothic church building. It is an example of a rare type of building, as wood was scarce and fire frequent on the prairie that covered parts of early Illinois. Though Gothic Revival style is most often associated with masonry buildings and large cathedrals wooden buildings in the style reflect the skill of the builder. The Dwight Pioneer Gothic Church uses board and batten siding, more often affiliated with barns, that emphasizes the vertical nature of the building. The chamfered corners on the towers and the window pediments further reinforces this characteristic.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The American Institute of Architects celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2007, as part of the celebration the group selected "150 great places in Illinois." Among the selections was the Dwight Pioneer Gothic Church. The church is one of "only a handful" of extant 19th century Carpenter Gothic churches in the state of Illinois. The Pioneer Gothic Church was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Doyle Peak is in the San Francisco Peaks of northern Arizona and is the fourth highest peak, but the sixth highest named</p><br>
<p>point in the state of Arizona with an elevation of 11,464 ft. Both Aubineau Peak and Rees Peak are higher, but they do not have enough prominence to be considered independent peaks. In spite of the name "Doyle" on modern maps this elevation was known as "Schultz" Peak at least through the 1930s. "Doyle Peak" was traditionally the name of the ridge west of Fremont Peak. The elevation called "Schultz" on modern maps traditionally had no name. This information came from Dr. Henry Giclas, native and long time resident of Flagstaff, astronomer and Director Emeritus at Lowell Observatory, and son of the man responsible for developing the water well fields in the Inner Basin of the San Francisco Peaks. Dr. Giclas was unaware of the change and very puzzled by it when asked about the names c. 1985. The names of the saddles between the Peaks are consistent with the names of the Peaks related by Dr. Giclas, but they make no sense with the names on current maps. Furthermore, a body of published scientific research was based on observations conducted at Lowell Observatory&#39;s Schultz Peak Station, which still sits atop the subject Peak. There is a movement to officially reverse the apparently accidental changes on the USGS Humphreys Quadrangle Map. Rectification of the changes can come none too soon; others have noticed that the Peaks and saddles do not match and have made changes to the names of the saddles both in Google Earth and Google Maps in an effort to fix the errors. Unfortunately the errors are not in the saddles but in the names of the Peaks, themselves, so those changes have only multiplied the errors. The subject elevation will be referred to as "Schultz Peak" from here on.</p><br>
<p>Hiking Schultz Peak can be somewhat challenging depending on the route used, but it is not difficult to ascend. Care must be taken to</p><br>
<p>avoid the scree slopes which can be seen from the south in Flagstaff. These slopes are quite steep and</p><br>
<p>slide easily. The peak is most easily scaled by hiking the Weatherford Trail to Schultz Saddle, then following the old and now</p><br>
<p>indistinct mule trail to the summit, or by following the ridge from Lockett Meadow. Schultz Peak is not the gently rounded</p><br>
<p>mountain it appears to be from Flagstaff but a ridge oriented southwest to northeast. The area of the summit is rather flat and wide</p><br>
<p>in several spots.</p><br>
<p>A small structure on the south side of the summit of Schultz Peak and referred to by some as a shepherd&#39;s cabin was actually built by Lowell Observatory in 1927 to house a telescope. The site was selected by Dr. V. M. Slipher, Director of Lowell Observatory, for a pair of Bristlecone Pine trees oriented in a north-south line so that they could be cut and pressed into service as supports for the Polar Axle of the telescope. The Polar Axle and telescopes were constructed by the Stanley Sykes of Lowell Observatory, and the cabin housing the telescope was constructed by Ramon Vilma (spelling?), a local stonemason. The structure had a corrugated metal roof that could be rolled off to expose the telescope for observations. The Polar Axle was taken by truck on the then-new Weatherford Road to Schultz Saddle, then by mule to the Schultz Peak summit, and the two telescopes used there were hauled up in the same way. The telescopes were a 12 in reflector and a 15 in reflector. The observing site also had a small dormitory partially cut into the hillside east of the telescope, but only an indistinct depression remains. From 1927 until 1932 this was the highest astronomical observing site on Planet Earth. This distinction passed to the Swiss in 1932 when they commissioned a slightly higher observing site on the Jungfrau. The original purpose of the site was to make spectroscopic observations of planets, stars, and nebulae to exploit the increased atmospheric transmission - especially in ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths - at high altitude. A similar telescope and roll-off structure was constructed at the Mars Hill campus of Lowell Observatory so that spectroscopic observations made at the two sites could be compared. The telescope at Mars Hill is still in service and now mounts a 21 in reflector. Today it is used by Dr. G. W. Lockwood to collect long-term data on variability of Solar Radiation and it has a fascinating history in its own right. The telescopes and Polar Axle from the Schultz Peak site still exist, and one of the bearing assemblies from the original roll-off roof has been retrieved from Schultz Peak as a possible future museum exhibit.</p><br>
<p>Between 1931 and 1933 the Harvard-Cornell Meteor Expedition under the direction of Dr. Ernst Öpik, Dr. Harlow Shapley of Harvard, and Dr. Samuel L. Boothroyd of Cornell used Lowells Schultz Peak Station as one of its meteor observing sites. They used the vibrating mirror technique developed by Dr. Öpik and Dr. Boothroyd to measure the velocity of meteors, and they recorded meteor tracks from two locations to compute the altitude of meteors by their parallax. The second observing site for parallax measurement was originally near Bellmont, AZ, but was later moved to Padre Canyon, AZ. In 1933 Dr. Boothroyd returned to test the new vacuum deposition technique of mirror coating that had recently been developed at Cornell University. Thus the telescope at the Schultz Peak Station was briefly the worlds largest telescope coated by the new, superior aluminization technique. Vacuum aluminization remains the preferred method of coating telescope mirrors for all but a few very specific applications. Several of the astronomers who used the Schultz Peak Station made important contributions to Astronomy, and several scientific papers were published using data obtained at the Schultz Peak Station. This is a strong argument for correcting the naming error and returning the "Schultz" and "Doyle" names to their proper peaks.</p><br>
<p>The telescope and Polar Axle were removed from the Schultz Peak Station in 1937 by Dr. V. M. Slipher and some of the junior staff of the Lowell Observatory. The facility was abandoned and by the 1970s the roof had collapsed from years of neglect and winter snow, which can</p><br>
<p>completely bury it. It was reconstructed about then by hikers as a cabin, though maintaining the structure is an ongoing process. Many hikers and campers leave supplies and provisions in the cabin or use them when needed. If you visit look for a waterproof container with a log book and other information. Also while you are there, look for the two Bristlecone stumps that defined the location. They are near the centers of the north and south walls of the cabin, the northern one being considerably taller. Please enjoy and help to preserve this unique and little-known Flagstaff treasure.</p><br>
<p>As of August 2016 the cabin on Doyle has been rebuilt, not to original but to a functional state. Roof, a new East wall with a rock piled fireplace and a small amount of firewood cut and split and stacked inside for the use of anyone in need. All material was repurposed from what was there, roof tin, lumber, rocks. New nails and plumbers tape were hiked in, while the ridge beam and rafters were cut in place using dead trees from the top of the mountain, no living trees were used for building nor for firewood.</p><br>
<p>The Wayside, also known as the Henry Demarest Lloyd House, is a historic house at 830 Sheridan Road in Winnetka, Illinois, United States. An extensively altered mid-19th century country inn, it was from 1880 until his death in 1903 the principal residence of Henry Demarest Lloyd . Lloyd was a leading "muckraking" journalist of the late 19th century, and a major editorial voice against corporate monopolies and for organized labor. His house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wayside is located on the west side of Sheridan Road, at its junction with Lloyd Place in central eastern Winnetka. It is located across the street from Lloyd Beach, a public park that was previously part of the Lloyd estate. Now set in a small lot, the Lloyd house is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a dormered hip roof. A single-story porch extends across the front and wraps part way down both sides. At the center of the east-facing front facade, a porte-cochere shelters the main stairs accessing the porch. A wood-frame two-story addition extends to the rear of the house. The house interior is largely reflective of the turn of the 20th century, and includes the writing study of Henry Dumarest Lloyd on the third floor in largely unaltered condition.</p><br>
<p>Henry Dumarest Lloyd was a native of New York City, and received a law degree from Columbia University. From an early date he was politically active, and became the editor of an anti-tariff advocacy group in the early 1870s. In 1872 he took a position at the Chicago Tribune, where he became a prominent writer critical of industrial and commercial business practices. He was an outspoken opponent of monopolies, and became an increasingly strident voice in support of organized labor.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1880s Lloyds health suffered a decline, and the family purchased The Wayside, then a derelict country inn, in 1878. After restoration and alterations, it became the familys principal home until Lloyd&#39;s death in 1903. The Lloyds hosted many prominent individuals of the time here, including Booker T. Washington, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Walter Crane.</p><br>
<p>The Kincaid Mounds Historic Site  1050-1400 CE, is the site of a city from the prehistoric Mississippian culture. One of the largest settlements of the Mississippian culture, it was located at the southern tip of present-day USA state of Illinois. Kincaid Mounds has been notable for both its significant role in native North American prehistory and for the central role the site has played in the development of modern archaeological techniques. The site had at least 11 substructure platform mounds . Artifacts from the settlement link its major habitation and the construction of the mounds to the Mississippian period, but it was also occupied earlier during the Woodland period.</p><br>
<h2>Introduction</h2><br>
<p>The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964 for its significance as a major Native American mound center and prehistoric trading post along the Ohio River.</p><br>
<p>Adjacent to the Ohio River, the site straddles the modern-day counties of Massac County and Pope County in deep southern Illinois, part of an area colloquially known as Little Egypt. The Kincaid site was the subject of major excavations by the University of Chicago from 1934–1941, during which a number of anthropologists and archaeologists who later had notable careers were trained under the direction of Fay-Cooper Cole; they included Richard MacNeish, discoverer of the origins of maize. Exploration with new technology and excavations by teams from Southern Illinois University since 2003 have yielded significant new data.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Historic Preservation Agency owns and operates The Pope County portion is privately owned.</p><br>
<p>When the University of Chicago excavated Kincaid in the 1930s and 1940s, nine mounds were identified on the site&#39;s Massac County portion. In 2003, a tenth mound was identified; a small mound that was later covered with a midden, it lies along the road almost straddling the county line on the southeastern corner of the town plaza. Chicago archaeologists excavated around this mound, but they chose to exclude it from their list of possible mounds due to a lack of clarity about its identity. Identification of this portion of the site as an artificial earthwork came after Southern Illinois University returned to the site in 2003 to re-excavate the hills that were thought to be possible mounds.</p><br>
<h2>History of Kincaid</h2><br>
<p>The Chicago excavators in the 1930s documented a prehistory in the Kincaid area stretching back thousands of years, into what is now known as the Archaic Period (8000 to 2000 BCE). The Chicago crew recognized this period as the Faulkner Component, which was described as a pre-pottery culture. Except for the lack of pottery, it was otherwise very like the subsequent cultures of the Early Woodland, such as the Adena culture (1000 to 200 BCE).</p><br>
<p>Teams documented more intensive occupation in the ensuing Early Woodland and Middle Woodland periods. It was similar to the contemporaneous Adena and Hopewell cultures that began during this time period throughout eastern North America. This involved a more sedentary lifestyle, semi-agricultural culture characterized by the use of limestone-tempered ceramics and the presence of semi-permanent housing. The extensive occupation is chronologically classified as the Baumer phase (a local variation of the Crab Orchard culture). The Baumer phase occupants of Kincaid used no Havana Hopewell culture motifs when decorating their pottery as did other Crab Orchard peoples but used cord and fabirc marking. They also preferred more limestone and grog tempering in their clay paste. Excavations prior to the construction of an informational kiosk and viewing platform in 2003 revealed six Baumer phase pit features dating to 250 BCE to 1 CE. One of the pits contained the intentionally buried remains of a small domestic dog, a rare find for the area.</p><br>
<p>Occupation continued into the Late Woodland period. This period is known as the Lewis culture. The most notable occupation at Kincaid, however, is the Mississippian culture, which developed from the local Lewis community about 1050 CE. Kincaid was a near neighbor of Cahokia, only 140 mi away, and is thought to have been influenced by its development as the major site of Mississippian culture. The people built at least 19 earthwork mounds during this period, mostly the characteristic Mississippian platform mounds. Since 2003 teams from Southern Illinois University have been conducting more intensive research. A large central plaza, constructed by filling and leveling, was built at the center of the community; it is surrounded by the major mounds, one of which is almost 500 ft long. Although none of Kincaids earthworks rivals the size of Monks Mound at Cahokia, the largest is very big by Mississippian standards and ranks 12th in size amongst all known Mississippian mounds. The site itself ranks 5th in size in number of mounds constructed at the site. The remaining platform mounds&#39; heights range from 8 ft to 30 ft.</p><br>
<p>Large buildings atop the main mounds seemed to indicate temples or council houses. Carved figurines in coal and fluorite seemed to characterize the local iconography, with images showing connections to the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC). Trade for chert resources appeared to extend into Missouri, Tennessee, and other parts of Illinois. Several examples of Mill Creek chert, which came from quarries very near by, were found at the site. Mississippian culture pottery painted with a negative resist are also characteristic of the site. In the 1930s, the Chicago team excavated a major burial mound, Pope Mound 2, yielding further evidence for hierarchical social structures and Kincaid&#39;s status as a chiefdom. The mound contained a number of stone box graves and log-lined tombs similar to those frequently found to the south in the Middle Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Mississippian culture occupation at the site appears to have ended by 1400-1450 CE. No documented occupation by historic Native American tribes exists. The site was evidently abandoned, perhaps because of exhaustion of timber and game resources. It remained uninhabited until the arrival of American settlers three centuries later. Most arrived more than 400 years after the site was abandoned.</p><br>
<h2>Kincaid Focus</h2><br>
<p>In the lower Ohio River valley in Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana, the Mississippian-culture towns of Kincaid, Wickliffe, Tolu, and Angel Mounds have been grouped together into a "Kincaid Focus" set, due to similarities in pottery assemblages and site plans. Most striking are the comparisons between the Kincaid and Angel sites, which include analogous site plans, stylistic similarities in artifacts, and geographic closeness. These connections have led some experts to hypothesize that the builders and residents were of the same society.</p><br>
<p>The 300-400 year span in which these types of artifacts and sites are found is called the “Angel Phase”. It is broken up into three subphases:</p><br>
<p>Rare painted and incised sherds of Mississippian culture pottery have been found at all four sites, ranging from less than one percent near Kincaid to about three or four percent of the assemblage at Wickliffe. Some common pottery styles found in these sites include: Angel Negative Painted, Kincaid Negative Painted, and Matthews Incised. This pottery is shell tempered and ranges from the smoothed surface and coarser temper of Mississippi Ware to the more polished surface and finer temper of Bell Ware.</p><br>
<p>The Seven Devils are notable peaks in west central Idaho in the Hells Canyon Wilderness. They are above the east bank of the Snake River, which forms the Idaho-Oregon border. The mountains are part of the Rocky Mountains, and the tallest peaks are 7,900 ft above the adjacent river, with few trees in between. There are several marked and unmarked trails and cleared camping areas throughout the mountains. It has several waterfalls and streams as well as numerous lakes.</p><br>
<p>Immediately southwest of Riggins, the Seven Devils are accessible from USA Highway 95 by a gravel road which vertically climbs over 5,500 ft in 17 mi.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Seven Devils contains a wide variety of wildlife such as Bighorn Sheep, Mountain Goat, Mule Deer, Elk, Black Bear, Cougar, cutthroat and rainbow trout. There are several lakes with high fish populations and there are numerous wild flowers. The Seven Devils has numerous sub-alpine meadows and vast pine forests.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>Hazens Notch is a mountain pass in Westfield, in the northern Green Mountains of Vermont. Hazens Notch was named after Moses Hazen who in 1779 led the construction of the Bayley Hazen Military Road as far as this point on a route which started at Newbury, Vermont and was originally planned to continue to Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, not far from Montreal.</p><br>
<p>The notch is defined by the cliffs of Sugarloaf Mountain to the north and by Haystack Mountain to the south. The height of land of the pass is located in Hazens Notch State Park, in Orleans County, about 0.5 mi east of the boundary between Orleans and Franklin Counties. Located on the south side of the road at the height of land in Hazens Notch is a stone tablet inscribed with the words "Terminus of the Hazen Road, 1779" which was placed there by the Orleans County Historical Society on August 21, 1903.</p><br>
<p>The geology of the Hazens Notch area in Westfield and Montgomery is primarily Hazens Notch Formation of schist with intrusions of Belvidere Mountain Amphibolite and two areas of ultramafic rocks all of which grades into Jay Peak Formation in the lower elevations.</p><br>
<p>On the east side, Hazens Notch drains into the East Branch of the Missisquoi River, which drains into Lake Champlain, thence into Canadas Richelieu River, the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. To the west, the gap is drained by Wade Brook, which drains into the Trout River, thence the Missisquoi River.</p><br>
<p>The Long Trail, a 272-mile (438-km) hiking trail running the length of Vermont, crosses Hazen&#39;s Notch between Haystack Mountain, 1.5 mi (2.5 km) to the south, and Sugarloaf Mountain immediately to the north.</p><br>
<p>The State of Vermont has designated 273 acres as the Hazen&#39;s Notch Natural Area.</p><br>
<p>Lyman Trumbull House is a house significant for its association with former USA Senator from Illinois Lyman Trumbull. The house is located in the historic Middletown neighborhood in Alton, Illinois. Senator Trumbull was best known for being a co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.</p><br>
<p>The house was built around 1849, and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1975. Senator Trumbull lived in this house from 1849 to 1863, according to the documentation provided in the National Historic Landmark application.</p><br>
<p>The house is a 1-1/2 story red brick, gable-roofed residence with limestone foundation. It was originally rectangular-shaped, but late in the 19th century an addition was built on the rear of the house, transforming it into an "L" shaped residence. There are three gabled dormers protruding from the front roof, one on the rear of the original house, and one on the northern elevation of the roof on the addition.</p><br>
<p>Adorning the front of the house is a centrally-located one-bay entrance porch supported by two fluted pilasters, all made of wood. Turned balusters flank the porch and the several wooden steps that lead to a brick walkway surrounding the dwelling. An entrance to the basement is located underneath the porch. The chief front entrance to the Trumbull House is a single door with side lights and semi-elliptical fanlight. On the south side of the house is a second basement entrance, and it is sheltered by a pedimented portico supported by two Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>The Modoc Rock Shelter is a rock cliff at the edge of the Mississippi River Valley that was undercut by Ice Age floods. This site is significant for its archaeological evidence of human habitation during the Archaic period in the Eastern United States. It is located on the northeastern side of County Road 7  southeast of Prairie du Rocher in Randolph County, Illinois, United States. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site has over 28 feet of sediment that contain artifacts. Evidence from the site, including four separate periods of Archaic occupation and one of a later period, suggests that the cultures of the Eastern Woodlands may have been comparable in age to the big game hunting cultures of the Great Plains. Based on the analysis of artifacts, archaeologists discovered that 9,000 years ago this rock shelter was used as a short-term camp by small hunting groups; by 6,000 years ago this rock shelter was used for long-term based camps by several families which were involved in activities of everyday life; and, by around 4,000 years ago evidence found in the sediment layers suggests the site was again used by small hunting parties as a short-term camp. There tools included concave projectile points, scrapers, choppers, hammer stones, and bone awls. Evidence has shown that during occupation, the inhabitants had a diet that consisted of deer, raccoon, opossum, birds, and fish.</p><br>
<p>Many of the footpaths leading to these caves still exist, although they are almost impossible to access due to deterioration.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological history</h2><br>
<p>The Modoc Rock Shelter site was discovered in 1951 by archaeologist Irwin Peithmann, who is known for teaching himself about the customs of Native Americans by living among them.</p><br>
<p>The Dorrigo Plateau is a plateau in the Northern Tablelands and New England regions of New South Wales, Australia. The plateau forms part of the Great Dividing Range and is sometimes referred to as the Dorrigo and Guy Fawkes Plateau.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak on the plateau is Barren Mountain, at an elevation of 1,437 m.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The plateau is defined by that area bounded in the south by the Dorrigo Escarpment, in the west by the New England Tableland, in the north by Hyland State Forest, Blicks River, Glen Fernaigh Creek and Nymboida River, and in the east by Bielsdown River up to the junction with Mathews Creek, then up to the head of Mathews Creek, then by the watershed extending generally south southeast to Dome Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Located on the eastern edge of the plateau is the town of Dorrigo, 580 km north of the Sydney and 60 km from the coastal city of Coffs Harbour.</p><br>
<p>Richard Craig was the first European to discover the plateau, following the traditional indigenous route to Armidale from the Grafton area. Using his skills as a horseman, Craig travelled along the western side of the Nymboida River. Craigs track became a road, now roughly following the same path as the present Grafton to Armidale Road and travelling through the present day villages of, Billys Creek, Dundurrabin, Tyringham and, the latter with an elevation of 1,300 m. Timbergetters followed Craig through the sub tropical rainforest and many sawmills grew due to demand for timber, initially the highly prized Australian Red Cedar (Toona australis).</p><br>
<p>Today, the main access road traversing the plateau from east to west is the Waterfall Way.</p><br>
<p>The Dorrigo Plateau and surrounding Guy Fawkes River National Park area was created by successive basaltic lava flows from the Ebor Volcano covering the original granite base. Weathering from high rainfall caused an escarpment to form as the more ancient rocks underneath remained intact.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tanigawa is a 1,977m mountain on the border of Gunma Prefecture and Niigata Prefecture in Japan.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan.</p><br>
<p>As of December 2014, since its initial exploration and route-finding in the early 1930s, a total of 805 people have died on Tanigawa-dake. (Compare with the over 200 people who have died on Mt. Everest over a comparable period).</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Routes are graded according to the Japanese Ice Climbing Rating from I-VI and there are numerous routes along the Eastern Ridges, with significant rock routes for summer climbing. Although the mountain is 1800 metres shorter than Mt. Fuji (in fact barely half its height), the relief is stark, with some routes starting as low as at 500 metres above sea level and topping out at or near the summit.</p><br>
<p>Like many mountains in Japan there is no officially recorded first ascent. Many mountains enjoy a religious significance and have been hiked and summitted by Japanese religious ascetics for hundreds of years.</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>The mountain lies on the border of Gunma and Niigata Prefectures and sits precisely where the weather systems from the Asian continent and the Pacific meet in often furious displays of extreme weather. Cornices on the ridge can reach out over 20 metres and occur at lower levels of the mountain as well as along the summit ridge. Avalanche risk is severe almost all of the time snow is present, with large wet-slab avalanches being very predominant.</p><br>
<h2>Safety</h2><br>
<p>Tanigawa is not for novices as even training groups have been swept away while on the lower reaches, and on previously thought "safe" parts of the mountain. Climbers need to fill out route plans and have them approved by the local police before attempting a climb. Police reserve the right to stop or disapprove of certain climbs.</p><br>
<p>Anyone planning a route can apply or contact the local Gunma Prefectural Climbing Information Center (群馬県谷川岳登山指導センターJapanese only).</p><br>
<p>Japan offers a high level of support with helicopter trained mountain rescue teams, though with high wind there is always the chance that they cannot be deployed. Along the upper ridges there are two safety huts. One is the emergency hut for 2-3 near Ichinokura-dake (一ノ倉岳), which may be hard to find on deep snow and therefore unusable. The much larger "Shoulder Hut" below the summit of Tanigawa-Dake is much more spacious, but is unheated and unmanned in winter.</p><br>
<h2>Misc</h2><br>
<p>Commonly called the mountain of death, the mountain is bedecked at all levels with commemorative plaques for those who have died on the mountain. Some of these groups have been rather large. In the 1960s there was a famous "rescue" attempt of Japanese climbers on the main face who had died of exposure. Their bodies were eventually brought down when the Japanese Self-Defense Forces cut the rope with gunfire in order to retrieve the bodies.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 a climbing party disappeared on the mountain. They were not found until another climbing party stumbled upon their remains in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Near the base of the mountain is a large sculpted piton, with adjoining wall with the names of all those who have died on Tanigawa dake inscribed.</p><br>
<p>Alternatively, Tanigawa-dake can also be climbed as part of a gentle hike with little or no exposure along a summit trail. There are several approaches from the valley floor and in warmer months several hundred hikers reach the summit each day via this route.</p><br>
<p>The closest train station is Doai (土合駅).</p><br>
<p>Climbing Tanigawadake is one of the main storylines in the novel Climber&#39;s High which has also been made into an NHK documentary in 2005 and a movie in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Gates Dawes House is a historic house museum at 225 Greenwood Street in Evanston, Illinois. Built in 1894, this Chateauesque lakefront mansion was from 1909 until his death the home of Charles Gates Dawes  and his family. Dawes earned the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize for his plan to alleviate the crushing burden of war reparations Germany was required to pay after World War I. Dawes served as USA Vice President under Calvin Coolidge, a general during World War I, and as United States Ambassador to Great Britain. Dawes was a descendant of William Dawes, who along with Paul Revere, rode to alarm the colonists that the British regulars were coming on the night before the Revolutionary War began. The house, a National Historic Landmark, is now owned by the Evanston History Center , which offers tours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h2>Architect</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1894 for Robert Sheppard, treasurer and business manager of Northwestern University, and designed by H. Edwards Ficken (1844–1929) of New York.</p><br>
<p>Ficken was born in London and educated in Europe. He came to the United States in 1869 and began his career as an architectural renderer, and was the partner of Boston architect Charles G. Gambrill at the time of the latter&#39;s suicide in September 1880.</p><br>
<p>Gambrill had been a partner of Henry Hobson Richardson from 1867-1878.</p><br>
<p>Ficken&#39;s career included several distinguished commissions, including ones for the New York Athletic Club and Yale University and, for the last thirteen years of his life he was the supervising architect and engineer for Woodlawn Cemetery on Long Island. Ficken is perhaps best known, however, as the architect for Pepperidge Hall (1896), a 120-room house built for Christopher Roberts II on 1,000 acre of property that was adjacent to Idle Hour, the 60 room Tudor mansion of William K. Vanderbilt that was designed by Richard Morris Hunt and located on 862 acre in Oakdale, New York.</p><br>
<h2>The architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is considered to be an example of the Chateauesque style of architecture, but in many respects it is not typical.</p><br>
<p>The style was introduced to the United States in 1882 by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to attend the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, when he built a palace in the style at 660 Fifth Avenue in New York for Alva and William Kissam Vanderbilt (demolished, 1926). Architects of the time who attempted to create pure examples of the style emulated the features of the 16th Century chateaux of the Loire Valley in France, usually sheathing the buildings with limestone and decorating them with elaborate Renaissance carving. Perhaps the best example of this style remaining in Chicago is the house at 1801 S. Prairie Ave. (see picture) that was designed in 1890 by Solon Spencer Beman and built for the piano manufacturer William W. Kimball at a reputed cost of one million dollars. The house, which the noted author and essayist Thomas Schlereth from The University of Notre Dame called "a brilliant exercise in the chateau style", was designed using exterior features from the 16th Century remodeling of the Chateau de Josselin in Brittany. Certainly the best example ever built in the United States is the 225 room Biltmore House (1888–1895), the home of George Washington Vanderbilt II constructed in Asheville, NC, which was also designed by Hunt.</p><br>
<p>The detailing of the Dawes house represents more the flavor of rural French architecture, and in this respect has more in common with the rustic character of Grey Towers, the much larger home of Gifford Pinchot outside of Milford, Pennsylvania that was designed largely by Hunt in 1886, but in which Ficken had a hand in some of the details. Even a quick study of the Dawes house, Grey Towers, and the more formally detailed John A. McGill house (1892) in Chicago (see picture) will show how closely they are all related to each other and to their French antecedents, especially to the Château de Chambord at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher in France.</p><br>
<p>Richard Morris Hunt became the leading proponent of French-inspired architecture after his return to the United States from his studies in Europe in 1855. In 1873 he received both his first urban commission and his first commission in the city of Chicago when he built a house in the related Second Empire style for the iconic Chicago retailer Marshall Field at 1905 S. Prairie Ave that was considered to be the "first really artistic dwelling house" in Chicago, and although the country&#39;s enthusiasm for French-styled buildings that he was largely responsible for creating waned in the early years of the 20th century, interest in it remains with us to this day.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark status</h2><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Evanston History Center</h2><br>
<p>The Evanston History Center (EHC), formerly the Evanston Historical Society, maintains its headquarters at the Charles Gates Dawes House. The house is open to the public by docent-led tours, featuring a walk through the library, dining room, kitchen, and great hall which are decorated with period furnishings and artwork once belonging to the Dawes family. The EHC also runs public events, workshops, lectures, and a research room containing documents, books, photographs, maps and other historical archival material related to Evanston history.</p><br>
